概念
MMM(Master-Master replication managerfor Mysql，Mysql主主复制管理器)是一套灵活的脚本程序，基于perl实现，用来对mysql replication进行监控和故障迁移，并能管理mysql Master-Master复制的配置(同一时间只有一个节点是可写的)。
MMM高可用架构说明
MMM的优缺点
优点： 高可用性，扩展性好，出现故障自动切换，对于主主同步，在同一时间只提供一台数据库写操作，保证的数据的一致性。
缺点： Monitor节点是单点，可以结合Keepalived实现高可用，对主机的数量有要求，需要实现读写分离，对程序来说是个挑战。
实验环境部署
第一步:在四台服务器上都需要安装MySQL数据库
1.配置ALI云源，然后安装epel-release源
[root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release [root@localhost ~]# yum clean all && yum makecache
2.搭建本地yum源
#安装数据库 [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server mariadb #关闭防火墙和安全功能 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service [root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0 #开启数据库 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service
3.修改ml主配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf #删除前9行，添加以下内容 [mysqld] log_error=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.err #错误日志的文件位置 log=/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log #访问日志的文件位置 log_slow_queries=/var/lib/mysql_slow_queris.log #man日志的文件位置 binlog-ignore-db=mysql,information_schema #mysql,information_schema不生成二进制日志文件 character_set_server=utf8 #字符集 log_bin=mysql_bin #二进制日志文件功能开启 server_id=1 #不同主机id不同 log_slave_updates=true #授权同步 sync_binlog=1 #二进制日志文件功能开启 auto_increment_increment=2 #自增量 auto_increment_offset=1 #起始值 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mariadb.service [root@localhost ~]# netstat -natp | grep 3306
4.复制配置文件到其他三台数据库服务器,注意修改server_id
[root@localhost ~]# scp /etc/my.cnf root@192.168.142.134:etc/
5.进入数据库,并查看日志文件信息
[root@localhost ~]# mysql #查看记录日志文件名称和位置值 MariaDB [(none)]> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+ | mysql_bin.000001 | 245| | mysql,information_schema | +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
6.在m1和m2上互相授予访问的权限,并授权同步日志
#在m1和m2上互相授予访问的权限 MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'192.168.142.%' identified by '123456'; #在m1上指定m2的日志文件名和位置参数 MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.142.134',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000001',master_log_pos=245; #在m2上指定m1的日志文件名和位置参数 MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.142.131',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000001',master_log_pos=245;
7.在m1上开启同步功能
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
8.查看同步状态,两台主服务器都要看到Yes
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G;
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
9.在m1上创建数据库
MariaDB [(none)]> create database school;
10.在m2上查看同步数据库
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | school | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
11.在两台从上做-注意日志文件和位置参数的改变（都指向m1)
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.142.131',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000001',master_log_pos=245;
12.开启同步功能
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; #在从服务器上查看同步数据信息 MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | school | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
13.在四台服务器上安装MMM相关软件
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-mmm*
14.配置mmm_common.conf配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf#修改网卡为ens33 cluster_interface ens33 pid_path /run/mysql-mmm-agent.pid bin_path /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm/ replication_user replicantion #修改授权密码 replication_password 123456 agent_user mmm_agent #修改代理授权密码 agent_password 123456 #指定四台服务器的角色与IP地址ip 192.168.142.131 mode master peer db2 ip 192.168.142.134 mode master peer db1 ip 192.168.142.130 mode slave ip 192.168.142.135 mode slave #设定主服务器虚拟IPhosts db1, db2 ips 192.168.142.250 mode exclusive #设定从服务器虚拟IPhosts db3, db4 ips 192.168.142.251, 192.168.142.252 mode balanced
15.从m1上面复制配置文件到其他三台服务器
[root@localhost ~]# scp mmm_common.conf/mmm_common.conf root@192.168.142.134:/etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf [root@localhost ~]# scp mmm_common.conf/mmm_common.conf root@192.168.142.130:/etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf [root@localhost ~]# scp mmm_common.conf/mmm_common.conf root@192.168.142.135:/etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf
第二步:配置monitor监控服务器
1.安装epel-release源以及MMM相关软件
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service [root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0 [root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release [root@localhost ~]# yum clean all && yum makecache [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-mmm*
2.从m1上面复制配置文件到监控服务器
[root@localhost ~]# scp mmm_common.conf root@192.168.142.134:/etc/mysql-mmm/
3.配置mmm_common.conf配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_mon.confip 127.0.0.1 pid_path /run/mysql-mmm-monitor.pid bin_path /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm status_path /var/lib/mysql-mmm/mmm_mond.status #指向四台服务器的IP地址 ping_ips 192.168.142.131,192.168.142.134,192.168.142.130,192.168.142.135 auto_set_online 10
4.在所有数据库服务器上为mmm_agent授权
MariaDB [(none)]> grant super, replication client, process on *.* to 'mmm_agent'@'192.168.142.%' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
5.在所有数据库服务器上为mmm_moniter授权
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication client on *.* to 'mmm_monitor'@'192.168.18.%' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
6.刷新数据库、在所有数据库服务器上设定代理名称
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_agent.conf #修改代理配置文件 #m1中默认名称 this db1 #m2中名称 this db2 #s1中名称 this db3 #s2中名称 this db4
7.所有数据库服务器上启动代理功能并设定开机自启动
#启动代理功能 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysql-mmm-agent.service #设置开机自启动 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mysql-mmm-agent.service
8.在monitor服务器开启监控服务、查看各节点的情况
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# systemctl start mysql-mmm-monitor.service [root@localhost ~]# mmm_control show db1(192.168.142.131) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.142.250) db2(192.168.142.134) master/ONLINE. Roles: db3(192.168.142.130) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.142.252) db4(192.168.142.135) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.142.251)
9、检测所有服务器状态
[root@localhost ~]# mmm_control checks all db4 ping [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OK db4 mysql [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OK db4 rep_threads [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OK db4 rep_backlog [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OK: Backlog is null db2 ping [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OK db2 mysql [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK db2 rep_threads [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK db2 rep_backlog [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK: Backlog is null db3 ping [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OK db3 mysql [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK db3 rep_threads [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK db3 rep_backlog [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK: Backlog is null db1 ping [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OK db1 mysql [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK db1 rep_threads [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK db1 rep_backlog [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK: Backlog is null
第三、故障测试
1、模拟m1服务器宕机,停止服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop mariadb.service
2.当m1服务器宕机后,m2接收虚拟IP继续提供服务
[root@localhost ~]# mmm_control show db1(192.168.142.131) master/ONLINE. Roles: db2(192.168.142.134) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.142.250) db3(192.168.142.130) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.142.252) db4(192.168.142.135) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.142.251)
3.当s1服务器宕机后,s2接收虚拟IP继续提供服务
[root@localhost ~]# mmm_control show db1(192.168.142.131) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.142.250) db2(192.168.142.134) master/ONLINE. Roles: db3(192.168.142.130) slave/HARD_OFFLINE. Roles: db4(192.168.142.135) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.142.251), reader(192.168.142.252
4.在m1服务器上为监控服务器地址授权登录
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to 'root'@'192.168.142.136' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
5.在监控服务器上安装数据库客户端
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb
6.在监控服务器上使用指定用户登录数据库,并创建数据信息
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p -h 192.168.142.250 Enter password: #输入密码即可 #创建一个数据库 MariaDB [(none)]> create database BDQN; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
7.在所有数据库上都能查看及时同步到的数据信息
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; #查看数据库 +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | BDQN | #同步到的BDQN数据库 | mysql | | performance_schema | | school | | test | +--------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
到此MMM群集架构已完成,谢谢阅读!!!
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。
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