在Linux系统中，有许多命令可用于查询主机的硬件信息。一些命令只针对特定的硬件组件，比如CPU、内存，一些命令可以查询多个硬件信息。
这篇文章只是简单的让每个人了解查询硬件信息的基本命令使用，包括lscpu、hwinfo、lshw、lspci、lsblk、lsusb等等。
1. lscpu用于查询CPU信息
- [root@devops ~]# lscpu
- Architecture: x86_64
- CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
- Byte Order: Little Endian
- CPU(s): 1
- On-line CPU(s) list: 0
- Thread(s) per core: 1
- Core(s) per socket: 1
- CPU socket(s): 1
- NUMA node(s): 1
- Vendor ID: GenuineIntel
- CPU family: 6
- Model: 45
- Stepping: 7
- CPU MHz: 2194.842
- BogoMIPS: 4389.68
- Hypervisor vendor: Xen
- Virtualization type: full
- L1d cache: 32K
- L1i cache: 32K
- L2 cache: 256K
- L3 cache: 15360K
- NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0
2. lshw显示硬件信息表
这个命令应用普遍，它可通过个人需求而列出多种不同的硬件参数：CPU、内存、硬盘、USB控制器、lshw卡片等等，本质上就是从/proc目录不同文件中中提取对应的硬件信息。
按照下面的步骤去安装lshw工具，然后就可以使用了。
- wget http://ezix.org/software/files/lshw-B.02.14.tar.gz
- tar -zxvf lshw-B.02.14.tar.gz
- cd lshw-B.02.14
- make && make install
- 示例：
- [root@devops lshw-B.02.14]# lshw -short
- H/W path Device Class Description
- =====================================================
- system HVM domU
- /0 bus Motherboard
- /0/0 memory 96KiB BIOS
- /0/1 processor Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2430 0 @ 2.20GHz
- /0/2 memory System Memory
- /0/2/0 memory 512MiB DIMM RAM
- /0/2/1 memory 512MiB DIMM RAM
- /0/3 memory 96KiB BIOS
- /0/4 processor CPU
- /0/5 memory System Memory
- /0/6 memory
- /0/7 memory
- /0/100 bridge 440FX - 82441FX PMC [Natoma]
- /0/100/1 bridge 82371SB PIIX3 ISA [Natoma/Triton II]
- /0/100/1.1 scsi1 storage 82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II]
- /0/100/1.1/0.0.0 /dev/cdrom1 disk SCSI CD-ROM
- /0/100/1.2 bus 82371SB PIIX3 USB [Natoma/Triton II]
- /0/100/1.2/1 usb1 bus UHCI Host Controller
- /0/100/1.2/1/2 input QEMU USB Tablet
- /0/100/1.3 bridge 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI
- /0/100/2 display GD 5446
- /0/100/3 generic Xen Platform Device
- /1 eth0 network Ethernet interface
- /2 eth1 network Ethernet interface
- [root@devops lshw-B.02.14]#
3. hwinfo-硬件信息
hwinfo类似于lshw，也能查询硬件信息，且应用广泛。它也能输出多个硬件部分的详细或者简要信息，但是不同的是有时hwinfo比lshw的信息更详细。
默认情况下，Linux系统没有安装hwinfo工具，所以你需要按照以下步骤自己安装：
CentOS 6
- #rpm -Uvh http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/6/gf/x86_64/gf-release-6-6.gf.el6.noarch.rpm
- #yum list hwinfo
- #yum install hwinfo
CentOS 5
- #rpm -Uvh http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/5/gf/x86_64/gf-release-5-6.gf.el5.noarch.rpm
- #yum list hwinfo
- #yum install hwinfo
- [root@devops tmp]# rpm -Uvh http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/6/gf/x86_64/gf-release-6-6.gf.el6.noarch.rpm
- Retrieving http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/6/gf/x86_64/gf-release-6-6.gf.el6.noarch.rpm
- warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.m2mMAO: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 13a4d2a9: NOKEY
- Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
- 1:gf-release ########################################### [100%]
- [root@devops tmp]# yum list hwinfo
- Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
- Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
- * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
- * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
- * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
- gf
- 00:00
- gf/primary_db
- 00:00
- Available Packages
- hwinfo.x86_64
- [root@devops tmp]# yum list hwinfo
- Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
- Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
- * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
- * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
- * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
- gf
- 00:00
- gf/primary_db
- 00:00
- Available Packages
- hwinfo.x86_64 20.2-1.gf.el6
- [root@devops tmp]# yum install hwinfo
- Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
- Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
- * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
- * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
- * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
- Setting up Install Process
- Resolving Dependencies
- --> Running transaction check
- ---> Package hwinfo.x86_64 0:20.2-1.gf.el6 will be installed
- .....
示例：
- [root@devops tmp]# hwinfo -short
- oops: don't know what to do with "short"
- [root@devops tmp]# hwinfo --short
- cpu:
- Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2430 0 @ 2.20GHz, 2194 MHz
- keyboard:
- /dev/input/event3 AT Translated Set 2 keyboard
- /dev/ttyS0 serial console
- mouse:
- /dev/input/mice Adomax QEMU USB Tablet
- /dev/input/mice Macintosh mouse button emulation
- /dev/input/mice ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse
- graphics card:
- Cirrus Logic GD 5446
- storage:
- Intel 82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II]
- Xen Virtual Storage 0
- Xen Virtual Storage 1
- Xen Virtual Storage 2
- network:
- eth0 Xen Virtual Ethernet Card 0
- eth1 Xen Virtual Ethernet Card 1
- network interface:
- lo Loopback network interface
- eth0 Ethernet network interface
- eth1 Ethernet network interface
- disk:
- /dev/xvda Disk
- /dev/xvdb Disk
- partition:
- /dev/xvda1 Partition
- /dev/xvdb1 Partition
- cdrom:
- /dev/sr0 QEMU DVD-ROM
- usb controller:
- Qumranet Qemu virtual machine
- bios:
- BIOS
- bridge:
- Qumranet Qemu virtual machine
- Qumranet Qemu virtual machine
- Qumranet Qemu virtual machine
- hub:
- Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64 uhci_hcd UHCI Host Controller
- memory:
- Main Memory
- unknown:
- FPU
- DMA controller
- PIC
- Timer
- Keyboard controller
- XenSource Xen Platform Device
- [root@devops tmp]#
4. lspci
lsppci命令可列出PCI总线的信息以及连接到PCI总线上的设备信息，比如VGA适配器、SATA控制器、其他模块等等。lspci工具是pciutils包的一部分，所以在安装lspci之前，你需要安装pciutils包。
安装pciutils包使用下面的命令：
- #yum install pciutils
- [root@devops tmp]# yum install pciutils
- Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
- Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
- * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
- * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
- * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
- Setting up Install Process
- Resolving Dependencies
- --> Running transaction check
- ---> Package pciutils.x86_64 0:3.1.10-2.el6 will be installed
- --> Processing Dependency: pciutils-libs = 3.1.10-2.el6 for package: pciutils-3.1.10-2.el6.x86_64
- --> Running transaction check
- ---> Package pciutils-libs.x86_64 0:3.1.4-11.el6 will be updated
- ---> Package pciutils-libs.x86_64 0:3.1.10-2.el6 will be an update
- --> Finished Dependency Resolution
- Dependencies Resolved
- Installing:
- pciutils x86_64 3.1.10-2.el6
- 85 k
- Updating for dependencies:
- pciutils-libs x86_64 3.1.10-2.el6
- 34 k
- .....
- Dependency Updated:
- pciutils-libs.x86_64 0:3.1.10-2.el6
- Complete!
示例：
- [root@devops tmp]# lspci
- 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 440FX - 82441FX PMC [Natoma] (rev 02)
- 00:01.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 ISA [Natoma/Triton II]
- 00:01.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II]
- 00:01.2 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 USB [Natoma/Triton II] (rev 01)
- 00:01.3 Bridge: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI (rev 01)
- 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Cirrus Logic GD 5446
- 00:03.0 Unassigned class [ff80]: XenSource, Inc. Xen Platform Device (rev 01)
- [root@devops tmp]#
5. lsusb-列出USB总线信息
这个命令可列出USB控制器的设备信息。
lsusb工具是usbutils包的一部分，所以你需要按照如下命令安装：
- #yum install usbutils
- [root@devops tmp]# yum install usbutils
- Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
- Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
- * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
- * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
- * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
- Setting up Install Process
- Resolving Dependencies
- --> Running transaction check
- ---> Package usbutils.x86_64 0:003-4.el6 will be installed
- --> Processing Dependency: libusb-1.0.so.0()(64bit) for package: usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64
- --> Running transaction check
- ---> Package libusb1.x86_64 0:1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6 will be installed
- --> Finished Dependency Resolution
- Dependencies Resolved
- ============================================
- Package Arch Version
- Size
- =======================================================
- Installing:
- usbutils x86_64 003-4.el6
- 71 k
- Installing for dependencies:
- libusb1 x86_64 1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6
- 80 k
- Transaction Summary
- ================================================================
- Install 2 Package(s)
- Total download size: 152 k
- Installed size: 377 k
- Is this ok [y/N]: y
- Downloading Packages:
- (1/2): libusb1-1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6.x86_64.rpm
- 00:00
- (2/2): usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64.rpm
- 00:00
- --------------------------------------------------------
- Total
- 00:00
- Running rpm_check_debug
- Running Transaction Test
- Transaction Test Succeeded
- Running Transaction
- Installing : libusb1-1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6.x86_64
- 1/2
- Installing : usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64
- 2/2
- Verifying : usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64
- 1/2
- Verifying : libusb1-1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6.x86_64
- 2/2
- Installed:
- usbutils.x86_64 0:003-4.el6
- Dependency Installed:
- libusb1.x86_64 0:1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6
- Complete!
示例：
- [root@devops tmp]# lsusb
- Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
- Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0627:0001 Adomax Technology Co., Ltd
- [root@devops tmp]#
6. lsblk-列出块设备的信息
- [root@devops tmp]# lsblk
- NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
- xvda 202:0 0 20G 0 disk
- └─xvda1 202:1 0 20G 0 part /
- xvdb 202:16 0 10G 0 disk
- └─xvdb1 202:17 0 10G 0 part /alidata
- sr0 11:0 1 362K 0 rom
7. lsscsi-列出SCSI的设备信息
列出SCSI/SDAT设备的信息，比如硬盘驱动器、光盘驱动器。
- [root@devops tmp]# lsscsi
- [1:0:0:0] cd/dvd QEMU QEMU DVD-ROM 0.10 /dev/sr0
- [root@devops tmp]#
完毕！Enjoy this！
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