对于容器而言,最简单的健康检查是进程级的健康检查,即检验进程是否存活。Docker Daemon会自动监控容器中的PID1进程,如果docker run命令中指明了restart policy,可以根据策略自动重启已结束的容器。在很多实际场景下,仅使用进程级健康检查机制还远远不够。比如,容器进程虽然依旧运行却由于应用死锁无法继续响应用户请求,这样的问题是无法通过进程监控发现的。
通常我们为了防止容器断电或异常关闭后不能自动开机,我们可以加上
--restart=always
例如
[root@aliyun ~]# docker run --restart=always -d --name blog -d -v /www:/www -v /wwwlogs:/var/log/wwwlogs -p 65423:65422 -p 80:80 -p 443:443 677 7714a84063ee6d405c80b891254bba0e5930f5d271c5ad76cfd6e2f0058d8056
这样容器就可以自动重启,但是有时候程序进入死锁状态,或者死循环状态,应用进程并不退出,但是该容器已经无法提供服务了。在 1.12 以前,Docker 不会检测到容器的这种状态,从而不会重新调度,导致可能会有部分容器已经无法提供服务了却还在接受用户请求。
而自 1.12 之后,Docker 提供了 HEALTHCHECK 指令,通过该指令指定一行命令,用这行命令来判断容器主进程的服务状态是否还正常,从而比较真实的反应容器实际状态。
当在一个镜像指定了 HEALTHCHECK 指令后,用其启动容器,初始状态会为 starting,在 HEALTHCHECK 指令检查成功后变为 healthy,如果连续一定次数失败,则会变为 unhealthy。
HEALTHCHECK 支持下列选项:
在 HEALTHCHECK [选项] CMD 后面的命令,格式和 ENTRYPOINT 一样,分为 shell 格式,和 exec 格式。命令的返回值决定了该次健康检查的成功与否:0:成功;1:失败;2:保留,不要使用这个值。
下面我们看下这个 dockerfile 文件
FROM centos LABEL maintainer "awen Email:" WORKDIR /opt/ COPY CentOS7-Base-163.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo COPY nginx /etc/init.d/nginx ENV NGINX_V=1.13.5 \ OPENSSL_V=1.0.2l \ PCRE_V=8.41 \ ZLIB_V=1.2.11 RUN yum -y update \ && yum -y install openssh-server openssl gcc gcc-c++ pcre-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel wget make perl tar net-tools \ && wget -c -4 https://nginx.org/download/nginx-$NGINX_V.tar.gz \ && wget -c -4 https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-$OPENSSL_V.tar.gz \ && wget -c -4 ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-$PCRE_V.tar.gz \ && wget -c -4 http://zlib.net/zlib-$ZLIB_V.tar.gz \ && groupadd -r www && useradd -r -g www www \ && tar zxvf zlib-$ZLIB_V.tar.gz \ && cd zlib-$ZLIB_V \ && ./configure \ && make \ && make install \ && cd /opt \ && tar zxvf pcre-$PCRE_V.tar.gz \ && cd pcre-$PCRE_V \ && ./configure \ && make \ && make install \ && cd /opt \ && tar zxvf openssl-$OPENSSL_V.tar.gz \ && tar zxvf nginx-$NGINX_V.tar.gz \ && cd nginx-$NGINX_V \ && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=www --group=www --with-pcre=/opt/pcre-$PCRE_V --with-http_ssl_module --with-zlib=/opt/zlib-$ZLIB_V --with-openssl=/opt/openssl-$OPENSSL_V --with-http_v2_module --with-http_ssl_module \ && make \ && make install \ && rm -rf /opt/* \ && mkdir -p /usr/local/nginx/ssl \ && mkdir -p /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost \ && mkdir -p /var/log/wwwlogs/ \ && mkdir -p /www/ \ && ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -N '' \ && ssh-keygen -t dsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key -N '' \ && ssh-keygen -t ecdsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key -N '' \ && ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key -N '' \ && echo "RSAAuthentication yes" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config \ && echo "PubkeyAuthentication yes" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config \ && sed -i "s/PasswordAuthentication yes/PasswordAuthentication no/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config \ && sed -i "s/UsePAM yes/UsePAM no/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config \ && sed -i "s/#Port 22/Port 65422/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config \ && yum clean all \ && mkdir /var/run/sshd \ && chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx \ && rm -rf /root/*.cfg \ && echo "Asia/Shanghai" > /etc/localtime COPY ssl/* /usr/local/nginx/ssl/ COPY vhost/* /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/ COPY nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/ COPY ssh/* /root/.ssh/ VOLUME ["/www","/var/log/wwwlogs","/usr/local/nginx/ssl","/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost"] EXPOSE 65422 80 443 HEALTHCHECK CMD curl -fs http://localhost/ || exit 1 ENTRYPOINT /etc/init.d/nginx start && chown -R www:www /var/log/wwwlogs/ && /usr/sbin/sshd -D
其中
HEALTHCHECK CMD curl -fs http://localhost/ || exit 1
就是增加的健康监测配置,然后编译后启动,查看进程会发现其状态是 starting
[root@aliyun ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 7714a84063ee 677 "/bin/sh -c '/etc/ini" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds (health: starting) 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:443->443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:65423->65422/tcp blog
稍等查看,会发现其状态为 healthy
[root@aliyun ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 7714a84063ee 677 "/bin/sh -c '/etc/ini" About a minute ago Up About a minute (healthy) 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:443->443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:65423->65422/tcp blog
我们可以通过 inspect 查看 最近3次的状态
[root@aliyun ~]# docker inspect --format '{{json .State.Health}}' blog | python -m json.tool { "FailingStreak": 0, "Log": [ { "End": "2017-10-11T11:15:27.516562686+08:00", "ExitCode": 0, "Output": "\r\n301 Moved Permanently \r\n\r\n\r\n 301 Moved Permanently
nginx \r\n\r\n\r\n", "Start": "2017-10-11T11:15:27.470554485+08:00" }, { "End": "2017-10-11T11:15:57.563377729+08:00", "ExitCode": 0, "Output": "\r\n301 Moved Permanently \r\n\r\n\r\n 301 Moved Permanently
nginx \r\n\r\n\r\n", "Start": "2017-10-11T11:15:57.516690754+08:00" }, { "End": "2017-10-11T11:16:27.609685416+08:00", "ExitCode": 0, "Output": "\r\n301 Moved Permanently \r\n\r\n\r\n 301 Moved Permanently
nginx \r\n\r\n\r\n", "Start": "2017-10-11T11:16:27.563533362+08:00" }, { "End": "2017-10-11T11:16:57.654441173+08:00", "ExitCode": 0, "Output": "\r\n301 Moved Permanently \r\n\r\n\r\n 301 Moved Permanently
nginx \r\n\r\n\r\n", "Start": "2017-10-11T11:16:57.609810588+08:00" }, { "End": "2017-10-11T11:17:27.701113019+08:00", "ExitCode": 0, "Output": "\r\n301 Moved Permanently \r\n\r\n\r\n 301 Moved Permanently
nginx \r\n\r\n\r\n", "Start": "2017-10-11T11:17:27.654580727+08:00" } ], "Status": "healthy" }
如果健康检查连续失败超过了重试次数,状态就会变为 (unhealthy)。
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