Django框架实现在线考试系统的示例代码

[global]
index-url = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
[install]
trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com

INSTALLED_APPS = [
  'django.contrib.admin',
  'django.contrib.auth',
  'django.contrib.contenttypes',
  'django.contrib.sessions',
  'django.contrib.messages',
  'django.contrib.staticfiles',
  'student',#将建立的app名称加入Installed_APPs中
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
  'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
  'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
  'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
  # 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
  'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
  'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
  'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'onlineExam.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
  {
    'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
    'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]
    ,
    'APP_DIRS': True,
    'OPTIONS': {
      'context_processors': [
        'django.template.context_processors.debug',
        'django.template.context_processors.request',
        'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
        'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
      ],
    },
  },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'onlineExam.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/#databases

#配置mysql数据库
DATABASES = {
  'default': {
    'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
    'NAME': 'exam',#使用数据库的名称
    'USER':'root',#用户名
    'PASSWORD':'123456',#密码
    'HOST':'127.0.0.1',#地址
    'PORT':'3306'#端口号
  }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
  {
    'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
  },
  {
    'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
  },
  {
    'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
  },
  {
    'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
  },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/i18n/

#修改语言为中文
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'

#修改时区为shanghai
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/howto/static-files/

#添加static文件夹
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS=[
  os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static'),
]

import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

# 为性别,学院 指定备选字段
SEX=(
  ('男','男'),
  ('女','女'),
)
DEPT=(
  ('计算机与通信学院','计算机与通信学院'),
  ('电气与自动化学院','电气与自动化学院'),
  ('外国语学院','外国语学院'),
  ('理学院','理学院'),
)

class Student(models.Model):
  id=models.CharField('学号',max_length=20,primary_key=True)
  name=models.CharField('姓名',max_length=20)
  sex=models.CharField('性别',max_length=4,choices=SEX,default='男')
  dept=models.CharField('学院',max_length=20,choices=DEPT,default=None)
  major=models.CharField('专业',max_length=20,default=None)
  password=models.CharField('密码',max_length=20,default='111')
  email=models.EmailField('邮箱',default=None)
  birth=models.DateField('出生日期')

  class Meta:
    db_table='student'
    verbose_name='学生'
    verbose_name_plural=verbose_name
  def __str__(self):
    return self.id;

class Teacher(models.Model):
  id=models.CharField("教工号",max_length=20,primary_key=True)
  name=models.CharField('姓名',max_length=20)
  sex=models.CharField('性别',max_length=4,choices=SEX,default='男')
  dept=models.CharField('学院',max_length=20,choices=DEPT,default=None)
  email=models.EmailField('邮箱',default=None)
  password=models.CharField('密码',max_length=20,default='000000')
  birth=models.DateField('出生日期')

  class Meta:
    db_table='teacher'
    verbose_name='教师'
    verbose_name_plural=verbose_name
  def __str__(self):
    return self.name;

class Question(models.Model):

  ANSWER=(
    ('A','A'),
    ('B','B'),
    ('C','C'),
    ('D','D'),
  )
  LEVEL={
    ('1','easy'),
    ('2','general'),
    ('3','difficult'),
  }
  id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
  subject = models.CharField('科目', max_length=20)
  title = models.TextField('题目')
  optionA=models.CharField('A选项',max_length=30)
  optionB=models.CharField('B选项',max_length=30)
  optionC=models.CharField('C选项',max_length=30)
  optionD=models.CharField('D选项',max_length=30)
  answer=models.CharField('答案',max_length=10,choices=ANSWER)
  level=models.CharField('等级',max_length=10,choices=LEVEL)
  score=models.IntegerField('分数',default=1)

  class Meta:
    db_table='question'
    verbose_name='单项选择题库'
    verbose_name_plural=verbose_name
  def __str__(self):
    return '<%s:%s>'%(self.subject,self.title);

class Paper(models.Model):
  #题号pid 和题库为多对多的关系
  pid=models.ManyToManyField(Question)#多对多
  tid=models.ForeignKey(Teacher,on_delete=models.CASCADE)#添加外键
  subject=models.CharField('科目',max_length=20,default='')
  major=models.CharField('考卷适用专业',max_length=20)
  examtime=models.DateTimeField()


  class Meta:
    db_table='paper'
    verbose_name='试卷'
    verbose_name_plural=verbose_name
  def __str__(self):
    return self.major;

class Grade(models.Model):
  sid=models.ForeignKey(Student,on_delete=models.CASCADE,default='')#添加外键
  subject=models.CharField('科目',max_length=20,default='')
  grade=models.IntegerField()

  def __str__(self):
    return '<%s:%s>'%(self.sid,self.grade);

  class Meta:
    db_table='grade'
    verbose_name='成绩'
    verbose_name_plural=verbose_name

  
  
  
  
  

  

  

  








 

 
 

  

   个人信息
  
  

   考试信息
  
  

   成绩查询
  
 

 
 

  


   
个人信息

    

  

   

    
属性
    
信息

   
  
  

   

    
学号
    
{{ student.id }}

   
   

    
姓名
    
{{ student.name }}

   
   

    
性别
    
{{ student.sex }}

   
   

    
学院
    
{{ student.dept }}

   

    

    
专业
    
{{ student.major }}

   

   

    
邮箱地址
    
{{ student.email }}

   
   

    
出生日期
    
{{ student.birth }}

   

  
 
  

  


   
考试信息
   

    
  {#  遍历字典 paper #}
  {% for paper1 in paper %}




   
  {% endfor %}



  

  

   

     
学号
    
姓名
    
考试科目
     
考试时间
     
操作
   
  
  

     
{{ student.id }}
     
{{ student.name }}
     
{{ paper1.subject }}{{ paper2.subject }}
     
{{ paper1.examtime }} {{ paper2.examtime }}
     

       
       开始考试
       
     
   
 
  

  


   
考试成绩
   

    

  {% for grade1 in grade %}
    
  {% endfor %}




  

    

     

      
姓名
      
科目
      
成绩

     
    
  

    
{{ student.name }}
    
{{ grade1.subject }}
    
{{ grade1.grade }}

   
 
  
 



{#学生登录的模态对话框#}

  

    

      

        
          ×
        
        
学生登陆
      
      

      


          

            学生学号
            

              
            
          
          

            密码
            

              
              
             
          

      
      

        取消
        登陆
      
      
    

  



{#老师登录的模态对话框#}

  

    

      

        
          ×
        
        
教师登陆
      
      

      


          

            教师工号
            

              
            
          
          

            密码
            

              
              
             
          

      
      

        取消
        登陆
      
      
    

  

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect
from student import models
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.contrib.auth import logout
# Create your views here.
def index(request):
  return render(request,'index.html')

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from django.conf.urls import url
from student import views

urlpatterns = [
  #管理员登陆
  path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
  #默认访问首页
  url(r'^$',views.index),
]

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Student,Teacher,Paper,Question,Grade
# Register your models here.
# 修改名称
admin.site.site_header='在线考试系统后台'
admin.site.site_title='在线考试系统'

@admin.register(Student)
class StudentAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
  list_display = ('id','name','sex','dept','major','password','email','birth')# 要显示哪些信息
  list_display_links = ('id','name')#点击哪些信息可以进入编辑页面
  search_fields = ['name','dept','major','birth']  #指定要搜索的字段，将会出现一个搜索框让管理员搜索关键词
  list_filter =['name','dept','major','birth']#指定列表过滤器，右边将会出现一个快捷的过滤选项

@admin.register(Teacher)
class TeacherAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
  list_display = ('id', 'name', 'sex', 'dept', 'password', 'email', 'birth')
  list_display_links = ('id', 'name')
  search_fields = ['name', 'dept', 'birth']
  list_filter = ['name','dept']

@admin.register(Question)
class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
  list_display = ('id','subject','title','optionA','optionB','optionC','optionD','answer','level','score')

def studentLogin(request):
  if request.method=='POST':
    # 获取表单信息
    stuId=request.POST.get('id')
    password=request.POST.get('password')
    print("id",stuId,"password",password)
    # 通过学号获取该学生实体
    student=models.Student.objects.get(id=stuId)
    print(student)
    if password==student.password: #登录成功
      #查询考试信息
      paper=models.Paper.objects.filter(major=student.major)
      #查询成绩信息
      grade=models.Grade.objects.filter(sid=student.id)
      # 渲染index模板
      return render(request,'index.html',{'student':student,'paper':paper,'grade':grade})

    else:return render(request,'index.html',{'message':'密码不正确'})

   
    邮箱地址
    {{ student.email }}
   
   
    出生日期
    {{ student.birth }}