Centos系统安全防护工作

1.安装系统 centos 6.2 64X

 2.定制系统分区,
2.1 / 分区100G；
2.2.swap 2048M；
2.3./data 分区，使用剩余全部可用空间。
2.4.其它需求根据服务特点进行定制；

2.系统瘦身，卸载无用系统软件；（此步骤在线系统跳过）
yum -y groupremove "FTP Server" "Text-based Internet" "Windows File Server" "PostgreSQL Database"

 "News Server" "DNS Name Server" "Web Server" "Dialup Networking Support" "Mail Server"

 "Office/Productivity" "Ruby" "Office/Productivity" "Sound and Video" "X Window System" "X Software

 Development" "Printing Support" "OpenFabrics Enterprise Distribution"

 3.安装必要系统状态查看命令；
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel

 libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel zip unzip

 ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl

 openssh openssl-devel nss_ldap openldap openldap-devel openldap-clients openldap-servers libxslt-devel

 libevent-devel ntp  libtool-ltdl bison libtool vim-enhanced python wget lsof iptraf strace lrzsz

 kernel-devel kernel-headers pam-devel Tcl/Tk  cmake  ncurses-devel bison setuptool

 4.锁定无用账户;
passwd -l xfs
 passwd -l news
 passwd -l nscd
 passwd -l dbus
 passwd -l vcsa
 passwd -l games
 passwd -l nobody
 passwd -l avahi
 passwd -l haldaemon
 passwd -l gopher
 passwd -l ftp
 passwd -l mailnull
 passwd -l pcap
 passwd -l mail
 passwd -l shutdown
 passwd -l halt
 passwd -l uucp
 passwd -l operator
 passwd -l sync
 passwd -l adm
 passwd -l lp

 5.限制关键命令,研发人员使用root密码或者将某用户提升至root级别，可以使用，现不适用ptmind；
#chmod 700 /bin/ping
 #chmod 700 /usr/bin/finger
 #chmod 700 /usr/bin/who
 #chmod 700 /usr/bin/w
 #chmod 700 /usr/bin/locate
 #chmod 700 /usr/bin/whereis
 #chmod 700 /sbin/ifconfig
 #chmod 700 /usr/bin/pico
 #chmod 700 /bin/vi
 #chmod 700 /usr/bin/which
 #chmod 700 /usr/bin/gcc
 #chmod 700 /usr/bin/make
 #chmod 700 /bin/rpm

 6.修改密码输入失败3次，锁定5分钟;
sed -i 's#auth        required      pam_env.so#auth        required      pam_env.so auth     

 required       pam_tally.so  onerr=fail deny=3 unlock_time=300 auth           required   

 /lib/security/$ISA/pam_tally.so onerr=fail deny=3 unlock_time=300#' /etc/pam.d/system-auth

 7.修改30分钟无活动，自动退出 ;

echo "TMOUT=1800" >>/etc/profile

 8.修改系统打开最大文件数;

echo "* soft nofile 66666" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
 echo "* hard nofile 66666" >> /etc/security/limits.conf

 9.关闭 ipv6;

 echo "alias net-pf-10 off" >> /etc/modprobe.conf
 echo "alias ipv6 off" >> /etc/modprobe.conf
 /sbin/chkconfig --level 35 ip6tables off

 10.更改系统默认字体为UTF8；

sed -i 's@LANG=.*$@LANG=\"en_US.UTF-8\"@g' /etc/sysconfig/i18n

 11.修改启动模式 到3;

 sed -i 's/id:.*$/id:3:initdefault:/g' /etc/inittab

 12.内核参数调整；

cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF
 #michaelkang add 120724
 net.ipv4.tcp_abort_on_overflow = 1
 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
 net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 20
 net.ipv4.tcp_retries1 = 2
 net.ipv4.tcp_retries2 = 5
 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 2000
 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200
 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 15
 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 5
 net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2
 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 3
 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192
 net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
 EOF

 sysctl -p

 13.清理无用服务；
#!/bin/sh
 for i in `ls /etc/rc3.d/S*`
 do
 CURSRV=`echo $i|cut -c 15-`

 echo $CURSRV
 case $CURSRV in
 cpuspeed | crond | irqbalance | microcode_ctl | xinetd| network | mon | partmon | messagebus| udev-

 post|sshd | rsyslog | syslog )
 #这个启动的系统服务根据具体的应用情况设置，其中network、sshd、syslog是三项必须要启动的系统服务！
echo "Base services, Skip!"
 ;;
 *)
 echo "change $CURSRV to off"
 chkconfig --level 235 $CURSRV off
 service $CURSRV stop
 ;;
 esac
 done

 14.添加必要的用户和组

mkdir /workspace
 cp /etc/shadow /workspace/
 cp /etc/passwd /workspace/
 groupadd public
 useradd         abc          -g public
 echo 'abc:$1$V5X9cldh$skn2.IclKEc.HFVLW/' | chpasswd -e

 history -c

 15.关键文件添加特殊权限;

chattr +i /etc/passwd
 chattr +i /etc/shadow
 chattr +i /etc/group
 chattr +i /etc/gshadow
 # history security
 chattr +a /root/.bash_history
 chattr +i /root/.bash_history

 16.修改/data下目录权限

chown user:group /data/

 17.赋予user高级权限
echo "user         ALL=(ALL)       NOPASSWD:ALL" >> /etc/sudoers

 18.升级openssh登录程序；
cd /workspace
 wget http://mirror.internode.on.net/p ... penssh-5.8p2.tar.gz

 tar -xvf openssh-5.8p2.tar.gz
 cd openssh-5.8p2

 #yum install  pam-devel

 ./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc/ssh --with-pam --with-zlib --with-ssl-

 dir=/usr/include/openssl  --mandir=/usr/share/man
 make
 mkdir -p /etc/sshbak
 mv /etc/ssh/* /etc/sshbak/
 make install
 chkconfig --add sshd
 chkconfig sshd on
 /etc/init.d/sshd restart  
 cd /workspace/

 19.安装denyhost暴力破解软件；
wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/ ... enyHosts-2.6.tar.gz

 tar -zxvf DenyHosts-2.6.tar.gz
 mv DenyHosts-2.6 denyhost

 cd denyhost/

 yum install python -y

 python setup.py install

 cd /usr/share/denyhosts/
 cp daemon-control-dist  daemon-control

 cp denyhosts.cfg-dist denyhosts.cfg

 chown root daemon-control

 chmod 700 daemon-control

 ln -s /usr/share/denyhosts/daemon-control /etc/init.d/denyhosts

 chkconfig --add denyhosts

 chkconfig  denyhosts on

 mv denyhosts.cfg denyhosts.cfg.bak

 cat > /usr/share/denyhosts/denyhost.cfg < EOF

 SECURE_LOG = /var/log/secure
 #ssh日志文件
HOSTS_DENY = /etc/hosts.deny
 #将阻止IP写入到hosts.deny
 PURGE_DENY = 1d
 #过多久后清除已经禁止的，其中w代表周，d代表天，h代表小时，s代表秒，m代表分钟
BLOCK_SERVICE  = ALL
 #阻止服务名
DENY_THRESHOLD_INVALID = 5
 #允许无效用户（在/etc/passwd未列出）登录失败次数,允许无效用户登录失败的次数.
DENY_THRESHOLD_VALID = 5
 #允许普通用户登录失败的次数
DENY_THRESHOLD_ROOT = 5
 #允许root登录失败的次数
DENY_THRESHOLD_RESTRICTED = 1
 #设定 deny host 写入到该资料夹  
WORK_DIR = /usr/share/denyhosts/data
 #将deny的host或ip纪录到Work_dir中
SUSPICIOUS_LOGIN_REPORT_ALLOWED_HOSTS = YES
 HOSTNAME_LOOKUP=YES
 #是否做域名反解  
LOCK_FILE = /var/lock/subsys/denyhosts
 #将DenyHOts启动的pid纪录到LOCK_FILE中，已确保服务正确启动，防止同时启动多个服务。
ADMIN_EMAIL = michaelkang@ptmind.com 
 #设置管理员邮件地址
SMTP_HOST = localhost
 SMTP_PORT = 25
 SMTP_FROM = DenyHosts
 SMTP_SUBJECT = DenyHosts Report
 AGE_RESET_VALID = 1d
 #有效用户登录失败计数归零的时间
AGE_RESET_ROOT = 1d
 #root用户登录失败计数归零的时间
AGE_RESET_RESTRICTED = 5d
 #用户的失败登录计数重置为0的时间(/usr/share/denyhosts/data/restricted-usernames)
 AGE_RESET_INVALID= 10d
 #无效用户登录失败计数归零的时间
DAEMON_LOG = /var/log/denyhosts
 #自己的日志文件 
DAEMON_SLEEP = 30s
 DAEMON_PURGE = 1d
 #该项与PURGE_DENY 设置成一样，也是清除hosts.deniedssh 用户的时间
EOF
 cd /workspace/
 /etc/init.d/denyhosts start

 20.安装DDOS防护防火墙；

wget http://www.inetbase.com/scripts/ddos/install.sh
 chmod 0700 install.sh
 ./install.sh

 21.增强系统安全，修改系统,设置通过history查看历史命令只显示10条；;
sed -i "s/HISTSIZE=1000/HISTSIZE=10/" /etc/profile

 22.部署用户行为审计；

mkdir -p /etc/share/

 cat /dev/null  >/usr/share/um.log

 chown nobody:nobody /usr/share/um.log

 chmod 002 /usr/share/um.log

 chattr +a /usr/share/um.log

将下面的内容添加到 /etc/profile

 export HISTORY_FILE=/etc/share/um/um.log

 export PROMPT_COMMAND='{ date "+%y-%m-%d %T ##### $(who am i |awk "{print \$1\" \"\$2\" \"\$5}")  ####

 $(id|awk "{print \$1}") #### $(history 1 | { read x cmd; echo "$cmd"; })"; } >>$HISTORY_FILE'

然后执行：source /etc/profile

 23.给 /tmp 和/var/tmp设置了粘滞位;
chmod +t /var/
 chmod +t /tmp/

 18.修改用户ssh登录限制；

cat >> /etc/hosts.allow << EOF
 sshd:192.168.16.0/255.255.255.0

 EOF

 echo 'sshd:all' >>/etc/hosts.deny

 24.ssh安全加固;

 #ssh安全加固，修改/etc/ssh/sshd_config 文件
#只允许SSH2方式的连
sed -i "s/#Protocol 2,1/Protocol 2/" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
 #指定每个连接最大允许的认证次数。默认值是 6
 sed -i "s/#MaxAuthTries 6/MaxAuthTries 6/" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
 #不使用DNS解析
sed -i  "s/#UseDNS yes/UseDNS no/" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
 #不允许root用户直接登录，但root用户可以使用证书直接登录
sed -i  "s/#PermitRootLogin yes/PermitRootLogin without-password/" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
 #SERVER_KEY 的长度
sed -i  "s/#ServerKeyBits 768/#ServerKeyBits 1024/" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
 sed -i  "s/#UseLogin no/UseLogin yes/" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
 #PermitEmptyPasswords no #不允许空密码用户login（仅仅是明文密码方式，非证书方式）。
sed -i  "s/#PermitEmptyPasswords no/PermitEmptyPasswords no/" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
 #RSAAuthentication yes # 启用RSA 认证。
sed -i  "s/#RSAAuthentication yes/RSAAuthentication yes/" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
 #PubkeyAuthentication yes # 启用公钥认证。
sed -i  "s/#PubkeyAuthentication yes/PubkeyAuthentication yes/" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
 #补充：修改vi /etc/ssh/ssh_config 文件（全局配置文件）
#允许RSA私钥方式认证。
sed -i  "s/#RSAAuthentication yes/RSAAuthentication yes/" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
 #禁止使用空密码登录
sed -i  "s/#PermitEmptyPasswords no/PermitEmptyPasswords no/" /etc/ssh/sshd_config

 #PasswordAuthentication no #，禁止明文密码登陆。
#sed -i  "s/#PasswordAuthentication yes/PasswordAuthentication no/" /etc/ssh/sshd_config

 25.修改用户密码使用最长时间90天，修改密码最小长度8位；
/etc/login.defs
 PASS_MAX_DAYS   90
 PASS_MIN_LEN    8

 26.导入管理证书