python实现大战外星人小游戏实例代码

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Group
from settings import Settings
from game_stats import gameStats
from ship import Ship
from button import Button
import game_functions as gf
def run_game():
  #初始化背景设置
  pygame.init()
  #创建一个Settings实例，并将其储存在变量ai_settings中
  ai_settings = Settings()
  #创建一个名为screen的显示窗口，游戏的所有图形元素都在其中绘制
  screen = pygame.display.set_mode((ai_settings.screen_heigth,
                   ai_settings.screen_width))
  pygame.display.set_caption("Aline invasion")
  #创建play按钮
  play_button = Button(ai_settings,screen,"play")
  #创建一个用于存储游戏统计数据的实例
  stats = gameStats(ai_settings)
  #创建一艘飞船,一个子弹编组，和一个外星人编组
  ship =Ship(ai_settings,screen)
  bullets = Group()
  aliens = Group()
  #创建外星人群
  gf.create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)
  #开始游戏主循环
  while True:
    #监视鼠标和键盘事件
    gf.check_events(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
    if stats.game_active:
      # 飞船移动
      ship.update()
      #子弹移动
      gf.update_bullets(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens,bullets)
      gf.update_aliens(ai_settings, stats, screen, ship, aliens, bullets)
    #重绘屏幕
    gf.update_screen(ai_settings, screen, stats, ship, bullets, aliens, play_button)
run_game()

import sys
import pygame
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Alien
from time import sleep
def check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen, ship, bullets):
  '''响应按下'''
  if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
    ship.moving_right = True
  elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
    ship.moving_left = True
  elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
    ship.moving_up = True
  elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
    ship.moving_down = True
  elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
    sys.exit()
  #当飞船移动时也能发射子弹
  if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
    fire_bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)
def check_keyup_events(event, ship):
  if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
    ship.moving_right = False
  elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
    ship.moving_left = False
  elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
    ship.moving_up = False
  elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
    ship.moving_down = False
def check_events(ai_settings,screen,ship, bullets):
  '''响应鼠标键盘事件'''
  for event in pygame.event.get():
    if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
      sys.exit()
    elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
      check_keydown_events(event, ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)
    elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
      check_keyup_events(event,ship)
def update_screen(ai_settings, screen, stats, ship, bullets, aliens, play_button):
  # 每次循环时都会重绘屏幕
  # 调用方法screen_fill()——用背景色填充屏幕
  screen.fill(ai_settings.screen_bg_color)
  #在飞船和外星人后面重绘所有子弹
  for bullet in bullets.sprites():
    bullet.draw_bullet()
  ship.blitme()
  aliens.draw(screen)
  #aline.blitme()
  #如果游戏处于非活动状态，就绘制play按钮
  if not stats.game_active:
    play_button.draw_button()
  # 让最近绘制的屏幕可见
  pygame.display.flip()
def update_bullets(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens, bullets):
  bullets.update()
  # 删除已消失的子弹
  for bullet in bullets.copy():
    if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
      bullets.remove(bullet)
  #print(len(bullets)) # 显示当前在屏幕上有多少个子弹，从而核实子弹确实被删除了
  check_bullet_alien_collide(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens, bullets)
def fire_bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets):
  if len(bullets) < ai_settings.bullet_num:
    # 创建一颗子弹，并将其加入到编组bullets中
    new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship)
    bullets.add(new_bullet)
def check_bullet_alien_collide(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens, bullets):
  '''检查是否有子弹击中了外星人
    如果有，就删除相应的外星人和子弹
    遍历编组bullets中所有子弹，再遍历编组aliens中的每个外星人。
    每当子弹与外星人重叠时，groupcllid()就在它返回的字典中添加一个键值对。
    两个实参True告诉pygame删除发生碰撞的子弹和外星人
  '''
  collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets, aliens, True, True)
  if len(aliens) == 0:
    # 删除现有所有子弹
    bullets.empty()
    # 当前外星人群消灭干净后，将会立刻出现一个新的外星人群
    create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)
def get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings, alien_width):
  available_space_x = ai_settings.screen_heigth - 2 * alien_width
  number_aliens_x = int(available_space_x / (2 * alien_width))
  return number_aliens_x
def get_number_rows(ai_settings,ship_height,alien_height):
  '''计算屏幕可以容纳多少行外星人'''
  #以外星人的高度来记长，减去飞船的高度和空出的外星人与飞船间的距离
  available_space_y = (ai_settings.screen_heigth - (10*alien_height) - ship_height)
  number_rows = int(available_space_y/(2*alien_height))    #number_rows为外星人的行数
  return number_rows
def crate_aline(ai_settings, screen, aliens, alien_number, rows_number):
  # 创建一个外星人并将其加入当前行
  alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen)
  alien_width = alien.rect.width
  alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number
  alien.rect.x = alien.x
  alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2*alien.rect.height*rows_number
  aliens.add(alien)
def create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens):
  '''创建一个外星人群'''
  #创建一个外星人，并计算一行可容纳多少个外星人'''
  #外星人的间距为外星人的宽度'''
  alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen)
  number_aliens_x = get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings, alien.rect.width )
  number_rows = get_number_rows(ai_settings, ship.rect.height, alien.rect.height)
  #穿件外星人群
  for row_number in range(number_rows):
    #创建一个外星人
    for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
      crate_aline(ai_settings, screen, aliens, alien_number, row_number)
def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings, aliens):
  '''当外星人到达屏幕边缘时的应对措施'''
  for alien in aliens.sprites():
    if alien.check_edges():
      change_fleet_direction(ai_settings, aliens)
      break
def change_fleet_direction(ai_settings, aliens):
  '''将整群外星人下移，并改变他们的方向'''
  for alien in aliens.sprites():
    alien.rect.y +=ai_settings.fleet_drop_speed
  ai_settings.fleet_direction *= -1
def ship_hit(ai_settings, stats, screen, ship, aliens, bullets):
  '''响应被外星人撞到的飞船'''
  if stats.ships_left > 0:
    # 将ship_left减1
    stats.ships_left -= 1
    # 清空外星人列表和子弹列表
    aliens.empty()
    bullets.empty()
    # 创建一群新的外星人，并将飞船放到屏幕地端中央
    create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)
    ship.center_ship()
    #暂停
    sleep(0.5)
  else:
    stats.game_active = False
def check_aliens_bottom(ai_setting, stats, screen, ship, aliens, bullets):
  '''检查是否有外星人到达了屏幕底部'''
  screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
  for alien in aliens.sprites():
    if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
      #像飞船被撞到一样处理
      ship_hit(ai_setting, stats, screen, ship, aliens, bullets)
      break
def update_aliens(ai_settings, stats, screen, ship, aliens, bullets):
  '''检查是否有外星人位于屏幕边缘，并更新外星人的位置'''
  check_fleet_edges(ai_settings, aliens)
  #更新外星人群中所有外星人的位置'''
  aliens.update()
  #检测外星人和飞船之间的碰撞
  if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship,aliens):
    ship_hit(ai_settings, stats, screen, ship, aliens, bullets)
  #检查是否有外星人到达屏幕底端
  check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings, stats, screen, ship, aliens, bullets)

import pygame
class Ship(object):
  def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):   #参数screen指定了要将飞船绘制到什么地方
    self.screen = screen
    self.ai_settings = ai_settings
    #加载飞船图像并获取其外接矩形
    self.image = pygame.image.load(r'E:\pycharm project\飞机大战\images\ship.bmp')   #加载图像，这个函数返回一个表示飞船的surface存储到self.image中
    self.rect = self.image.get_rect()    #使用get_rect()获取相应的surface的属性rect
    self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
    #将每艘新飞船放在屏幕底部中央
    self.rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx #将self.rect.centerx(飞船中心的x坐标)设置为表示屏幕的矩形属性centerx
    self.rect.bottom = self.screen_rect.bottom #将self.rect.bottom(飞船下边缘的y坐标)设置为表示屏幕的矩形的属性bottom
    #在飞船的属性center中存储小数值
    self.center = float(self.rect.centerx)
    #移动标志
    self.moving_right = False    #添加属性：moving_right
    self.moving_left = False
    self.moving_up = False
    self.moving_down = False
  def update(self):
    '''根据移动标志调整飞船的位置'''
    if self.moving_right and self.rect.right0:    #与上同理
      self.rect.centerx -= self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
    if self.moving_up and self.rect.top>self.screen_rect.top:
      self.rect.bottom -= self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
    if self.moving_down and self.rect.bottom

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
import os
class Alien(Sprite):
  '''代表单个外星人类'''
  def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen):
    '''初始化外星人并设置其初始位置'''
    super(Alien,self).__init__()
    self.ai_settings = ai_settings
    self.screen = screen
    #加载外星人图像，并设置七rect属性
    self.image = pygame.image.load(r'E:\pycharm project\飞机大战\images\alien.bmp')
    self.rect = self.image.get_rect() # 使用get_rect()获取相应的surface的属性rect
    #设置外星飞船的初始位置
    self.rect.x = self.rect.width
    self.rect.y= self.rect.height
    #储存外星人的准确位置
    self.x= float(self.rect.x)
  def check_edges(self):
    '''如果外星人位于屏幕边缘就返回True'''
    screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
    if self.rect.right > screen_rect.right:
      return True
    elif self.rect.left < screen_rect.left:
      return True
  def update(self):
    '''向右移动外星人'''
    self.x += (self.ai_settings.alien_speed_factor*self.ai_settings.fleet_direction)
    self.rect.x = self.x
  def blitme(self):
    '''在指定位置绘制外星人'''
    self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)

import pygame.ftfont
class Button():
  def __init__(self,ai_settings, screen, msg):
    '''初始化按钮的属性'''
    self.screen = screen
    self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
    #设置按钮的尺寸和其他属性
    self.width, self.height = 200,50
    self.button_color = (0,255,255)
    self.text_color = (255,255,255)
    self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)
    #创建按钮的rect对象，并使其居中
    self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,self.width,self.height)
    self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center
    #按钮的标签只需创建一次
    self.prep_msg(msg)
  def prep_msg(self,msg):
    '''将msg渲染为图像，并使其在按钮上居中'''
    self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg,True,self.text_color,self.button_color)
    self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()
    self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center
  def draw_button(self):
    '''绘制一个用颜色填充的按钮，在绘制文本'''
    self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect)
    self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Bullet(Sprite):    #Bullet类继承从模块pygame.sprite中导入的Sprite类
  '''一个对飞船发射的子弹进行管理'''    #通过使用精灵，可将游戏中相关的元素编组,进而同时操作编组中的所有元素
  def __init__(self,ai_settings, screen, ship):
    '''在飞船所处的位置创建一个子弹对象'''
    super(Bullet,self).__init__()    #调用super()来继承Sprite
    self.screen = screen

    #在（0，0）处创建一个表是子弹的矩形，在设置正确的位置
    self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, ai_settings.bullet_width,ai_settings.bullet_height)  #子弹并非基于图像，则必须使用pygame.Rect()从空白创建一个矩形
    self.rect.centerx = ship.rect.centerx
    self.rect.top = ship.rect.top

    #存储用小数表示的子弹位置
    self.y = float(self.rect.y)   #将子弹的y坐标存储为小数值

    #设置子弹颜色和速度
    self.color = ai_settings.bullet_color
    self.speed_factor = ai_settings.bullet_speed_factor

  def update(self):
    '''更新表示子弹位置的小数值'''
    self.y -= self.speed_factor
    #更新表示子弹的rect的位置
    self.rect.y = self.y

  def draw_bullet(self):
    '''在屏幕上绘制子弹'''
    pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)   #函数draw.rect()使用存储在self.color中
                                # 的颜色填充表示子弹的rect占据的屏幕

'''跟踪游戏统计数据'''
class gameStats():
  def __init__(self, ai_settings):
    self.ai_settings = ai_settings
    self.reset_stats()
    #游戏刚启动时处于非活动状态
    self.game_active = False

  def reset_stats(self):
    '''初始化在游戏运行期间可能变化的统计信息'''
    self.ships_left = self.ai_settings.ship_limit

class Settings():
  def __init__(self):
    #屏幕设置
    self.screen_heigth = 1000
    self.screen_width = 700
    self.screen_bg_color = (230,230,230)  #设置背景色
    self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5
    self.ship_limit = 3

    self.bullet_speed_factor = 1
    self.bullet_width = 3
    self.bullet_height = 15
    self.bullet_color = 60,60,60
    self.bullet_num = 6

    #外星人设置
    self.alien_speed_factor = 1
    #fleet_drop_speed为有外星人撞到屏幕边缘时下降的速度
    self.fleet_drop_speed = 10
    #当fleet_direction为1时向右，为-1时向左
    self.fleet_direction = 1