对python中list的操作,大家可以参考《Python list操作用法总结》
以下是我个人的笔记:
#python list ''' 创建list有很多方法: 1.使用一对方括号创建一个空的list:[] 2.使用一对方括号,用','隔开里面的元素:[a, b, c], [a] 3.Using a list comprehension:[x for x in iterable] 4.Using the type constructor:list() or list(iterable) ''' def create_empty_list(): '''Using a pair of square brackets to denote the empty list: [].''' return [] def create_common_list(): '''Using square brackets, separating items with commas: [a], [a, b, c].''' return ['a', 'b', 'c', 1, 3, 5] def create_common_list2(): '''Using a list comprehension: [x for x in iterable].''' return [x for x in range(1, 10)] def str_to_list(s): '''Using a string to convert list''' if s != None: return list(s) else: return [] def main(): test_listA = create_empty_list() print(test_listA) print('#' * 50) test_listB = create_common_list() print(test_listB) print('#' * 50) test_listC = create_common_list2() print(test_listC) print('#' * 50) test_str = 'i want to talk about this problem!' test_listD = str_to_list(test_str) print(test_listD) if __name__ == '__main__': main()
运行效果:
Python 3.3.2 (v3.3.2:d047928ae3f6, May 16 2013, 00:03:43) [MSC v.1600 32 bit (Intel)] on win32 Type "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information. >>> ================================ RESTART ================================ >>> [] ################################################## ['a', 'b', 'c', 1, 3, 5] ################################################## [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] ################################################## ['i', ' ', 'w', 'a', 'n', 't', ' ', 't', 'o', ' ', 't', 'a', 'l', 'k', ' ', 'a', 'b', 'o', 'u', 't', ' ', 't', 'h', 'i', 's', ' ', 'p', 'r', 'o', 'b', 'l', 'e', 'm', '!'] >>>
下面有更多的demo:
Python 3.3.2 (v3.3.2:d047928ae3f6, May 16 2013, 00:03:43) [MSC v.1600 32 bit (Intel)] on win32 Type "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information. >>> counter = 100 >>> miles = 1000.0 >>> name = "hongten" >>> numberA,numberB,nameC = 1,2,"Hongten" >>> list = [counter,miles,name,numberA,numberB,nameC] >>> print(list) [100, 1000.0, 'hongten', 1, 2, 'Hongten'] >>> #这是注释部分,注释用"#"开始 >>> for element in list: print(element) 100 1000.0 hongten 1 2 Hongten >>> #上面是遍历列表list >>> print(list[0]) #获取列表list里面的第一个元素值 100 >>> print(list[-1]) #获取列表list里面的最后一个元素值 Hongten >>> print(len(list)) #用len(list)获取list列表的长度 6 >>> num_inc_list = range(10) #产生一个数值递增的列表 >>> print(num_inc_list) range(0, 10) >>> for inc_list in num_inc_list: print(inc_list) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 >>> #从这里我们可以看到range(10)是产生了一个从0开始到9的一个数值递增列表 >>> initial_value = 10 >>> list_length = 5 >>> myList = [initial_value for i in range(10)] >>> print(myList) [10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10] >>> list_length = 2 >>> myList = myList * list_length >>> print(myList) [10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10] >>> print(len(myList)) 20 >>> #上面是用一个固定值initial_value去初始化一个列表myList >>> #同时用myList = myList * list_length去复制myList >>> #下面再看看复制的效果 >>> copyList = [1,2,3,"hongten"] >>> copyList = copyList * list_length >>> print(len(copyList)) 8 >>> for cl in copyList: print(cl) 1 2 3 hongten 1 2 3 hongten >>> #下面我们来仔细研究一下python里面的list >>> #在一个list中可以包含不同类型的元素,这个和ActionScript 3.0(AS3.0)中的数组类似 >>> test_list = ["hello",1,2,"world",4,5,"hongten"] >>> print(len(test_list)) 7 >>> print(test_list[0]) # 打印test_list hello >>> #打印test_list中的第一元素 >>> print(test_list[-1]) #打印test_list中最后一个元素 hongten >>> print(test_list[-len]) #打印第一个元素 Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in print(test_list[-len]) #打印第一个元素 TypeError: bad operand type for unary -: 'builtin_function_or_method' >>> print(test_list[-len(test_list)]) #打印第一个元素 hello >>> print(test_list[len(test_list) - 1]) #打印最后一个元素 hongten >>> test_list.append(6) #向列表中追加一个元素 >>> print(test_list[-1]) 6 >>> test_list.insert(1,0) >>> print(test_list) ['hello', 0, 1, 2, 'world', 4, 5, 'hongten', 6] >>> #上面的操作是向列表test_list的小标为1的地方插入元素0 >>> test_list.insert(1,0) >>> print(test_list) ['hello', 0, 0, 1, 2, 'world', 4, 5, 'hongten', 6] >>> test_list.insert(2,1) >>> print(test_list) ['hello', 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 'world', 4, 5, 'hongten', 6] >>> print(test_list.pop(0)) #返回最后一个元素,并从test_list中删除之 hello >>> print(test_list) [0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 'world', 4, 5, 'hongten', 6] >>> print(test_list.pop(2)) #上面的注释有错误,pop(index)的操作是返回数组下标为index的元素,并从列表中删除之 0 >>> print(test_list) [0, 1, 1, 2, 'world', 4, 5, 'hongten', 6] >>> test_list.remove(1) >>> print(test_list) [0, 1, 2, 'world', 4, 5, 'hongten', 6] >>> #remove(1)表示的是删除第一次出现的元素1 >>> test_list.insert(0,1) >>> print(test_list) [1, 0, 1, 2, 'world', 4, 5, 'hongten', 6] >>> test_list.remove(1) >>> print(test_list) [0, 1, 2, 'world', 4, 5, 'hongten', 6] >>> test_list.insert(2,"hongten") >>> print(test_list) [0, 1, 'hongten', 2, 'world', 4, 5, 'hongten', 6] >>> test_list.count("hongten") 2 >>> #count(var)是统计var元素在列表中出现的个数 >>> test_list.count("foo") 0 >>> test_list_extend = ["a","b","c"] >>> test_list.extend(test_list_extend) >>> print(test_list) [0, 1, 'hongten', 2, 'world', 4, 5, 'hongten', 6, 'a', 'b', 'c'] >>> #使用extend(list)作用是追加一个list到源list上面 >>> print(test_list.sort()) Traceback (most recent call last): File " ", line 1, in print(test_list.sort()) TypeError: unorderable types: str() < int() >>> test_list_extend.append("h") >>> test_lsit_extend.append("e") Traceback (most recent call last): File " ", line 1, in test_lsit_extend.append("e") NameError: name 'test_lsit_extend' is not defined >>> list_a = ["e","z","o","r"] >>> list_a.extend(test_list_extend) >>> print(list_a) ['e', 'z', 'o', 'r', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'h'] >>> print(list_a.sort()) #对list_a列表进行排序 None >>> #不知道为什么以上排序都有报错...... >>> list_b = [1,3,5,2,6,4] >>> print(list_b.sort()) None >>> print(sort(list_b)) Traceback (most recent call last): File " ", line 1, in print(sort(list_b)) NameError: name 'sort' is not defined >>> #不去管排序问题了,先看看删除操作吧!!!!! >>> print(list_b) [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] >>> print(del list_b[1]) SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> del list_b[1] >>> print(list_b) [1, 3, 4, 5, 6] >>> del list_b[0,2] Traceback (most recent call last): File " ", line 1, in del list_b[0,2] TypeError: list indices must be integers, not tuple >>> del list_b[0:2] >>> print(list_b) [4, 5, 6] >>> #del list[index]删除下标为index的元素,del list[start:end]删除从start下标开始到end下标结束的元素 >>> del list_b[10] Traceback (most recent call last): File " ", line 1, in del list_b[10] IndexError: list assignment index out of range >>> #如果我们删除的下标超出了列表的长度范围,就会报错啦!!!!! >>> ########################################################################## >>> list_c = range(5); >>> for c in list_c: print(c) 0 1 2 3 4 >>> list_d = list_c >>> for d in list_d: print(d) 0 1 2 3 4 >>> #上面是列表的复制 >>> list_d[2] = 23 Traceback (most recent call last): File " ", line 1, in list_d[2] = 23 TypeError: 'range' object does not support item assignment >>> list_e = [1,2,3,4,5] >>> list_f = list_e >>> list_f[2] = 234 >>> print(list_e) [1, 2, 234, 4, 5] >>> #从这里我们可以知道,list_f复制了list_e,list_f是对list_e的一个引用, >>> #他们共同指向一个对象:[1,2,3,4,5],当我们视图修改list_f[2]的值的时候, >>> #list_f所指向的对象的行为发生了变化,即元素值发生了变化,但是他们的引用是没有 >>> #发生变化的。所以list_e[2] = 234也是在情理之中。 >>> ####################################################################### >>> list_i = list_e[:] >>> print(list_i) [1, 2, 234, 4, 5] >>> print(list_e) [1, 2, 234, 4, 5] >>> list_i[2] = 3 >>> print(list_e) [1, 2, 234, 4, 5] >>> print(list_i) [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] >>> #上面是进行了列表的克隆操作,即拷贝了另一个列表,这样的操作,会创造出新的一个列表对象 >>> #使得list_i和list_e指向不同的对象,就有着不同的引用,所以当list_i[2] = 3的时候, >>> #list_e[2]还是等于234,即不变 >>>
希望本文所述对大家Python程序设计有所帮助。