Haskell外部导入stdcall对DLL函数

这可能是一个非常容易回答的问题,但由于某种原因,我真的很难接受它.

我有一个用C语言编写的DLL来访问协议级别的硬件,我想写一个调用其中一些C函数的Haskell程序.这是相关C标题的片段(由于可能的版权问题,名称只是略微混淆):

#ifdef HWDRIVER_EXPORTS
#define HWDRIVER_API __declspec(dllexport)
#else
#define HWDRIVER_API __declspec(dllimport)
#endif
HWDRIVER_API int HW_Init(void);

这已在Visual Studio 2003中编译为DLL,并且我已成功从C和C#加载DLL,因此我确信DLL工作正常.该DLL名为"hw-driver.dll".

接下来,这里是Haskell源代码,用于测试我是否可以正确加载DLL并调用其中最简单的函数:

{-# LANGUAGE ForeignFunctionInterface #-}
module Main
    where
import Foreign
import Foreign.C

foreign import stdcall "hw-driver" "HW_Init"  hwInit :: IO (CInt)

main = do
    x <- hwInit
    if x == 0 
        then putStr "Successfully initialized"
        else putStr "Could not initialize"

给我带来麻烦的是国外进口线.据我了解,语法是外来的(导入/导出)(ccall/stdcall)库名称 C函数名称 haskell-function-name :: Haskell类型声明.所以我的应该是外​​部导入stdcall(因为你在Win32中加载DLL时使用stdcall)"hw-driver"(因为该文件名为"hw-driver.dll",它与dlltest.hs位于同一目录中) "HW_Init"(C中函数的名称)hwInit :: IO(Cint)(void参数,返回int).

但是,当我尝试运行时ghci dlltest.hs,我得到以下输出:

[1 of 1] Compiling Main             ( dlltest.hs, interpreted )

dlltest.hs:8:43: parse error on input `"'
Failed, modules loaded: none.

第8行,第43列是HW_Init上的第一个引号.好吧,也许我必须将库名和函数名都放在一个字符串中,我在一些地方看到过.如果我尝试运行它,那么我得到:

[1 of 1] Compiling Main             ( dlltest.hs, interpreted )

dlltest.hs:8:23: Malformed entity string
Failed, modules loaded: none.

8:23是新字符串"hw-driver HW_Init"的第一个引号.

我不相信我的ghc设置(6.10.3)有任何问题,因为我可以运行以下代码,这些代码是从ghci中的Real World Haskell复制粘贴的:

{-- snippet pragma --}
{-# LANGUAGE ForeignFunctionInterface #-}
{-- /snippet pragma --}

{-- snippet imports --}
import Foreign
import Foreign.C.Types
{-- /snippet imports --}

{-- snippet binding --}
foreign import ccall "math.h sin"
     c_sin :: CDouble -> CDouble
{-- /snippet binding --}

{-- snippet highlevel --}
fastsin :: Double -> Double
fastsin x = realToFrac (c_sin (realToFrac x))
{-- /snippet highlevel --}

{-- snippet use --}
main = mapM_ (print . fastsin) [0/10, 1/10 .. 10/10]
{-- /snippet use --}

这么长的问题,如何在Win32 DLL上正确声明外部导入？我无法在Google 上找到任何内容.

并且对于那个问题上的标记,我是否能够使用像c2hs或hsc2hs这样的程序来解析头文件,hw-driver.h这样我就不必为该DLL中包含的所有20-25个函数手动编写外部导入调用？我也未能找到任何合适的例子.

---

编辑:ephemient指出外国导入行的正确语法是:

foreign import stdcall "hw-driver.h HW_Init" hwInit :: IO CInt

有了这个,我能够ghci dlltest.hs -lhw-driver使用成功的返回码调用并正确调用main函数.但是,该命令ghc --make dlltest.hs -lhw-driver因链接器错误而失败.所以,这是该命令的详细输出(请注意,我在工作目录中拥有所有hw-driver.{dll,h,lib}):

Glasgow Haskell Compiler, Version 6.10.3, for Haskell 98, stage 2 booted by GHC version 6.10.1
Using package config file: C:\ghc\ghc-6.10.3\package.conf
hiding package base-3.0.3.1 to avoid conflict with later version base-4.1.0.0
wired-in package ghc-prim mapped to ghc-prim-0.1.0.0
wired-in package integer mapped to integer-0.1.0.1
wired-in package base mapped to base-4.1.0.0
wired-in package rts mapped to rts-1.0
wired-in package haskell98 mapped to haskell98-1.0.1.0
wired-in package syb mapped to syb-0.1.0.1
wired-in package template-haskell mapped to template-haskell-2.3.0.1
wired-in package dph-seq mapped to dph-seq-0.3
wired-in package dph-par mapped to dph-par-0.3
Hsc static flags: -static
*** Chasing dependencies:
Chasing modules from: *dlltest.hs
Stable obj: [Main]
Stable BCO: []
Ready for upsweep
  [NONREC
      ModSummary {
         ms_hs_date = Mon Jun 22 13:20:05 Eastern Daylight Time 2009
         ms_mod = main:Main,
         ms_imps = [Foreign.C, Foreign]
         ms_srcimps = []
      }]
compile: input file dlltest.hs
Created temporary directory: C:\DOCUME~1\CHRISC~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\/ghc4428_0
*** Checking old interface for main:Main:
[1 of 1] Skipping  Main             ( dlltest.hs, dlltest.o )
*** Deleting temp files:
Deleting: C:\DOCUME~1\CHRISC~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\/ghc4428_0/ghc4428_0.s
Warning: deleting non-existent C:\DOCUME~1\CHRISC~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\/ghc4428_0/ghc4428_0.s
Upsweep completely successful.
*** Deleting temp files:
Deleting: 
link: linkables are ...
LinkableM (Mon Jun 22 13:22:26 Eastern Daylight Time 2009) main:Main
   [DotO dlltest.o]
Linking dlltest.exe ...
*** Windres:
C:\ghc\ghc-6.10.3\bin/windres --preprocessor="C:\ghc\ghc-6.10.3\gcc" "-BC:\ghc\ghc-6.10.3\gcc-lib/" "-IC:\ghc\ghc-6.10.3\include/mingw" "-E" "-xc" "-DRC_INVOKED" --use-temp-file --input=C:\DOCUME~1\CHRISC~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\/ghc4428_0/ghc4428_0.rc --output=C:\DOCUME~1\CHRISC~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\/ghc4428_0/ghc4428_0.o --output-format=coff
*** Linker:
C:\ghc\ghc-6.10.3\gcc -BC:\ghc\ghc-6.10.3\gcc-lib/ -IC:\ghc\ghc-6.10.3\include/mingw -v -o dlltest.exe -DDONT_WANT_WIN32_DLL_SUPPORT dlltest.o -lhw-driver C:\DOCUME~1\CHRISC~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\/ghc4428_0/ghc4428_0.o -LC:\ghc\ghc-6.10.3\base-4.1.0.0 -LC:\ghc\ghc-6.10.3\integer-0.1.0.1 -LC:\ghc\ghc-6.10.3\ghc-prim-0.1.0.0 -LC:\ghc\ghc-6.10.3 -LC:\ghc\ghc-6.10.3/gcc-lib -lHSbase-4.1.0.0 -lwsock32 -lmsvcrt -lkernel32 -luser32 -lshell32 -lHSinteger-0.1.0.1 -lHSghc-prim-0.1.0.0 -lHSrts -lm -lffi -lgmp -lwsock32 -u _ghczmprim_GHCziTypes_Izh_static_info -u _ghczmprim_GHCziTypes_Czh_static_info -u _ghczmprim_GHCziTypes_Fzh_static_info -u _ghczmprim_GHCziTypes_Dzh_static_info -u _base_GHCziPtr_Ptr_static_info -u _base_GHCziWord_Wzh_static_info -u _base_GHCziInt_I8zh_static_info -u _base_GHCziInt_I16zh_static_info -u _base_GHCziInt_I32zh_static_info -u _base_GHCziInt_I64zh_static_info -u _base_GHCziWord_W8zh_static_info -u _base_GHCziWord_W16zh_static_info -u _base_GHCziWord_W32zh_static_info -u _base_GHCziWord_W64zh_static_info -u _base_GHCziStable_StablePtr_static_info -u _ghczmprim_GHCziTypes_Izh_con_info -u _ghczmprim_GHCziTypes_Czh_con_info -u _ghczmprim_GHCziTypes_Fzh_con_info -u _ghczmprim_GHCziTypes_Dzh_con_info -u _base_GHCziPtr_Ptr_con_info -u _base_GHCziPtr_FunPtr_con_info -u _base_GHCziStable_StablePtr_con_info -u _ghczmprim_GHCziBool_False_closure -u _ghczmprim_GHCziBool_True_closure -u _base_GHCziPack_unpackCString_closure -u _base_GHCziIOBase_stackOverflow_closure -u _base_GHCziIOBase_heapOverflow_closure -u _base_ControlziExceptionziBase_nonTermination_closure -u _base_GHCziIOBase_blockedOnDeadMVar_closure -u _base_GHCziIOBase_blockedIndefinitely_closure -u _base_ControlziExceptionziBase_nestedAtomically_closure -u _base_GHCziWeak_runFinalizzerBatch_closure -u _base_GHCziTopHandler_runIO_closure -u _base_GHCziTopHandler_runNonIO_closure -u _base_GHCziConc_runHandlers_closure -u _base_GHCziConc_ensureIOManagerIsRunning_closure
Reading specs from C:/ghc/ghc-6.10.3/gcc-lib/specs
Configured with: ../gcc-3.4.5-20060117-3/configure --with-gcc --with-gnu-ld --with-gnu-as --host=mingw32 --target=mingw32 --prefix=/mingw --enable-threads --disable-nls --enable-languages=c,c++,f77,ada,objc,java --disable-win32-registry --disable-shared --enable-sjlj-exceptions --enable-libgcj --disable-java-awt --without-x --enable-java-gc=boehm --disable-libgcj-debug --enable-interpreter --enable-hash-synchronization --enable-libstdcxx-debug
Thread model: win32
gcc version 3.4.5 (mingw-vista special r3)
 C:/ghc/ghc-6.10.3/gcc-lib/collect2.exe -Bdynamic -o dlltest.exe -u _ghczmprim_GHCziTypes_Izh_static_info -u _ghczmprim_GHCziTypes_Czh_static_info -u _ghczmprim_GHCziTypes_Fzh_static_info -u _ghczmprim_GHCziTypes_Dzh_static_info -u _base_GHCziPtr_Ptr_static_info -u _base_GHCziWord_Wzh_static_info -u _base_GHCziInt_I8zh_static_info -u _base_GHCziInt_I16zh_static_info -u _base_GHCziInt_I32zh_static_info -u _base_GHCziInt_I64zh_static_info -u _base_GHCziWord_W8zh_static_info -u _base_GHCziWord_W16zh_static_info -u _base_GHCziWord_W32zh_static_info -u _base_GHCziWord_W64zh_static_info -u _base_GHCziStable_StablePtr_static_info -u _ghczmprim_GHCziTypes_Izh_con_info -u _ghczmprim_GHCziTypes_Czh_con_info -u _ghczmprim_GHCziTypes_Fzh_con_info -u _ghczmprim_GHCziTypes_Dzh_con_info -u _base_GHCziPtr_Ptr_con_info -u _base_GHCziPtr_FunPtr_con_info -u _base_GHCziStable_StablePtr_con_info -u _ghczmprim_GHCziBool_False_closure -u _ghczmprim_GHCziBool_True_closure -u _base_GHCziPack_unpackCString_closure -u _base_GHCziIOBase_stackOverflow_closure -u _base_GHCziIOBase_heapOverflow_closure -u _base_ControlziExceptionziBase_nonTermination_closure -u _base_GHCziIOBase_blockedOnDeadMVar_closure -u _base_GHCziIOBase_blockedIndefinitely_closure -u _base_ControlziExceptionziBase_nestedAtomically_closure -u _base_GHCziWeak_runFinalizzerBatch_closure -u _base_GHCziTopHandler_runIO_closure -u _base_GHCziTopHandler_runNonIO_closure -u _base_GHCziConc_runHandlers_closure -u _base_GHCziConc_ensureIOManagerIsRunning_closure C:/ghc/ghc-6.10.3/gcc-lib/crt2.o C:/ghc/ghc-6.10.3/gcc-lib/crtbegin.o -LC:\ghc\ghc-6.10.3\base-4.1.0.0 -LC:\ghc\ghc-6.10.3\integer-0.1.0.1 -LC:\ghc\ghc-6.10.3\ghc-prim-0.1.0.0 -LC:\ghc\ghc-6.10.3 -LC:\ghc\ghc-6.10.3/gcc-lib -LC:/ghc/ghc-6.10.3/gcc-lib dlltest.o -lhw-driver C:\DOCUME~1\CHRISC~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\/ghc4428_0/ghc4428_0.o -lHSbase-4.1.0.0 -lwsock32 -lmsvcrt -lkernel32 -luser32 -lshell32 -lHSinteger-0.1.0.1 -lHSghc-prim-0.1.0.0 -lHSrts -lm -lffi -lgmp -lwsock32 -lmingw32 -lgcc -lmoldname -lmingwex -lmsvcrt -luser32 -lkernel32 -ladvapi32 -lshell32 -lmingw32 -lgcc -lmoldname -lmingwex -lmsvcrt C:/ghc/ghc-6.10.3/gcc-lib/crtend.o
C:\ghc\ghc-6.10.3\gcc-lib\ld.exe: cannot find -lhw-driver
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
*** Deleting temp files:
Deleting: C:\DOCUME~1\CHRISC~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\/ghc4428_0/ghc4428_0.o C:\DOCUME~1\CHRISC~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\/ghc4428_0/ghc4428_0.rc
*** Deleting temp dirs:
Deleting: C:\DOCUME~1\CHRISC~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\/ghc4428_0

---

事实证明,实际链接并不像我想要的那样困难.我正在使用foreign import stdcall我认为在Visual Studio 2003中内置的DLL是正确的.我必须下载pexportsMinGW工具,它列出了从DLL导出的函数.链接器一直在寻找HWInit @ 0,但是pexports说DLL只导出了HWInit.

我改变了我的行foreign import ccall,我成功地能够使用ghc --make dlltest.hs hw-driver.lib或者ghc --make dlltest.hs -L. -lhw-driver由于在工作目录中同时提供.lib和.dll文件来链接程序.

1> ephemient..：

---

FFI规范#4.1.1导入声明,

impent →"[ static] [ chname ] [&] [ cid ]"
            | " dynamic"
            | " wrapper"

其中chname是"C header name",而不是"library name".

FFI规范#4.1.4头文件的规范

#include "chname中始终包含导入声明中指定的AC标头".没有明确支持#include <chname>样式包含.ISO C99 [ 3 ]标准保证将用于#include <chname的任何搜索路径>也用于#include "chname",并保证在#include "chname特有的所有路径之后搜索这些路径".此外,我们要求chname结束.h以明确解析外部实体的规范.

尝试使用正确的标题名称,

foreign import stdcall "hw-driver.h HW_Init" hwInit :: IO CInt

或者根本没有标题名称.

foreign import stdcall "HW_Init" hwInit :: IO CInt

---

您的命令行似乎不包含.为库搜索路径.这很可能是问题所在.GHCi神奇地包含.在图书馆搜索路径中.

ghc --make dlltest.hs -L. -lhwdriver

如果仍然失败,可能是导致问题的静态库.不太可能,但......

Windows上的GHC默认使用动态链接.由于您有一个.lib静态库,请尝试通知链接器您想要静态链接.

ghc --make dlltest.hs -L. -optl-Bstatic -lhwdriver -optl-Bdynamic

---

至于自动生成的绑定,有

绿卡

C->哈斯克尔

hsc2hs

我发现c2hs是最容易使用的,但我从来没有尝试过任何需要stdcalls的东西.

这并不是说繁重编写所有foreign手工的东西,如果只有25个电话左右.libvlc对于一些小项目,我设法在几年前手动编写绑定...