如何从一组列表中获取笛卡尔积(每种可能的值组合)?
输入:
somelists = [ [1, 2, 3], ['a', 'b'], [4, 5] ]
期望的输出:
[(1, 'a', 4), (1, 'a', 5), (1, 'b', 4), (1, 'b', 5), (2, 'a', 4), (2, 'a', 5) ...]
Triptych.. 348
在Python 2.6+中
import itertools for element in itertools.product(*somelists): print(element)
文档: Python 3 - itertools.product
在Python 2.6+中
import itertools for element in itertools.product(*somelists): print(element)
文档: Python 3 - itertools.product
import itertools >>> for i in itertools.product([1,2,3],['a','b'],[4,5]): ... print i ... (1, 'a', 4) (1, 'a', 5) (1, 'b', 4) (1, 'b', 5) (2, 'a', 4) (2, 'a', 5) (2, 'b', 4) (2, 'b', 5) (3, 'a', 4) (3, 'a', 5) (3, 'b', 4) (3, 'b', 5) >>>
对于Python 2.5及更早版本:
>>> [(a, b, c) for a in [1,2,3] for b in ['a','b'] for c in [4,5]] [(1, 'a', 4), (1, 'a', 5), (1, 'b', 4), (1, 'b', 5), (2, 'a', 4), (2, 'a', 5), (2, 'b', 4), (2, 'b', 5), (3, 'a', 4), (3, 'a', 5), (3, 'b', 4), (3, 'b', 5)]
这是一个递归版本product()
(只是一个插图):
def product(*args): if not args: return iter(((),)) # yield tuple() return (items + (item,) for items in product(*args[:-1]) for item in args[-1])
例:
>>> list(product([1,2,3], ['a','b'], [4,5])) [(1, 'a', 4), (1, 'a', 5), (1, 'b', 4), (1, 'b', 5), (2, 'a', 4), (2, 'a', 5), (2, 'b', 4), (2, 'b', 5), (3, 'a', 4), (3, 'a', 5), (3, 'b', 4), (3, 'b', 5)] >>> list(product([1,2,3])) [(1,), (2,), (3,)] >>> list(product([])) [] >>> list(product()) [()]
使用itertools.product:
import itertools result = list(itertools.product(*somelists))
我会使用列表理解:
somelists = [ [1, 2, 3], ['a', 'b'], [4, 5] ] cart_prod = [(a,b,c) for a in somelists[0] for b in somelists[1] for c in somelists[2]]
在Python 2.6及更高版本中,您可以使用'itertools.product`.在旧版本的Python中,您可以使用以下(几乎 - 请参阅文档)文档中的等效代码,至少作为起点:
def product(*args, **kwds): # product('ABCD', 'xy') --> Ax Ay Bx By Cx Cy Dx Dy # product(range(2), repeat=3) --> 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 pools = map(tuple, args) * kwds.get('repeat', 1) result = [[]] for pool in pools: result = [x+[y] for x in result for y in pool] for prod in result: yield tuple(prod)
两者的结果都是迭代器,所以如果你真的需要一个列表进行进一步处理,请使用list(result)
.
这是一个递归生成器,它不存储任何临时列表
def product(ar_list): if not ar_list: yield () else: for a in ar_list[0]: for prod in product(ar_list[1:]): yield (a,)+prod print list(product([[1,2],[3,4],[5,6]]))
输出:
[(1, 3, 5), (1, 3, 6), (1, 4, 5), (1, 4, 6), (2, 3, 5), (2, 3, 6), (2, 4, 5), (2, 4, 6)]
虽然已有很多答案,但我想分享一下我的想法:
def cartesian_iterative(pools): result = [[]] for pool in pools: result = [x+[y] for x in result for y in pool] return result
def cartesian_recursive(pools): if len(pools) > 2: pools[0] = product(pools[0], pools[1]) del pools[1] return cartesian_recursive(pools) else: pools[0] = product(pools[0], pools[1]) del pools[1] return pools def product(x, y): return [xx + [yy] if isinstance(xx, list) else [xx] + [yy] for xx in x for yy in y]
def cartesian_reduct(pools): return reduce(lambda x,y: product(x,y) , pools)