如果只在sql server中存在外键约束,我该怎么办？

我可以使用以下代码删除表,但不知道如何使用约束执行相同的操作:

IF EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM sys.objects WHERE OBJECT_ID = OBJECT_ID(N'TableName') AND type = (N'U')) DROP TABLE TableName
go 

我还使用此代码添加约束:

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TableName] 
  WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_TableName_TableName2] FOREIGN KEY([FK_Name])
    REFERENCES [dbo].[TableName2] ([ID])
go

James L.. 304

Eric Isaacs的答案提供了更简单的解决方案.但是,它会在任何表上找到约束.如果要在特定表上定位外键约束,请使用:

IF EXISTS (SELECT * 
  FROM sys.foreign_keys 
   WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'dbo.FK_TableName_TableName2')
   AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'dbo.TableName')
)
  ALTER TABLE [dbo.TableName] DROP CONSTRAINT [FK_TableName_TableName2]

如果您正在使用EF生成的外键在你需要把括号中的名字,像这样[DBO]名点.[FK_dbo.MyTable_Etc] (2认同)

---

小智.. 297

这比目前提出的解决方案简单得多:

IF (OBJECT_ID('dbo.FK_ConstraintName', 'F') IS NOT NULL)
BEGIN
    ALTER TABLE dbo.TableName DROP CONSTRAINT FK_ConstraintName
END

如果需要删除另一种类型的约束,这些是在第二个参数位置传递到OBJECT_ID()函数的适用代码:

C = CHECK constraint
D = DEFAULT (constraint or stand-alone)
F = FOREIGN KEY constraint
PK = PRIMARY KEY constraint
UQ = UNIQUE constraint

您也可以在没有第二个参数的情况下使用OBJECT_ID.

类型的完整名单这里:

对象类型:

AF = Aggregate function (CLR)
C = CHECK constraint
D = DEFAULT (constraint or stand-alone)
F = FOREIGN KEY constraint
FN = SQL scalar function
FS = Assembly (CLR) scalar-function
FT = Assembly (CLR) table-valued function
IF = SQL inline table-valued function
IT = Internal table
P = SQL Stored Procedure
PC = Assembly (CLR) stored-procedure
PG = Plan guide
PK = PRIMARY KEY constraint
R = Rule (old-style, stand-alone)
RF = Replication-filter-procedure
S = System base table
SN = Synonym
SO = Sequence object

适用于:SQL Server 2012到SQL Server 2014.

SQ = Service queue
TA = Assembly (CLR) DML trigger
TF = SQL table-valued-function
TR = SQL DML trigger
TT = Table type
U = Table (user-defined)
UQ = UNIQUE constraint
V = View
X = Extended stored procedure

看来,如果约束不在dbo架构中,那么您还需要包含架构名称.例如:OBJECT_ID('MySchema.FK_MyConstraint','F') (10认同)

自由添加链接和类型列表. (2认同)

---

Jovan MSFT.. 27

在SQL Server 2016中,您可以使用DROP IF EXISTS:

CREATE TABLE t(id int primary key, 
               parentid int
                    constraint tpartnt foreign key references t(id))
GO
ALTER TABLE t
DROP CONSTRAINT IF EXISTS tpartnt
GO
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t

请参阅http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sqlserverstorageengine/archive/2015/11/03/drop-if-exists-new-thing-in-sql-server-2016.aspx

1> James L..：

---

Eric Isaacs的答案提供了更简单的解决方案.但是,它会在任何表上找到约束.如果要在特定表上定位外键约束,请使用:

IF EXISTS (SELECT * 
  FROM sys.foreign_keys 
   WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'dbo.FK_TableName_TableName2')
   AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'dbo.TableName')
)
  ALTER TABLE [dbo.TableName] DROP CONSTRAINT [FK_TableName_TableName2]

---

如果您正在使用EF生成的外键在你需要把括号中的名字,像这样[DBO]名点.[FK_dbo.MyTable_Etc]

2> 小智..：

---

这比目前提出的解决方案简单得多:

IF (OBJECT_ID('dbo.FK_ConstraintName', 'F') IS NOT NULL)
BEGIN
    ALTER TABLE dbo.TableName DROP CONSTRAINT FK_ConstraintName
END

如果需要删除另一种类型的约束,这些是在第二个参数位置传递到OBJECT_ID()函数的适用代码:

C = CHECK constraint
D = DEFAULT (constraint or stand-alone)
F = FOREIGN KEY constraint
PK = PRIMARY KEY constraint
UQ = UNIQUE constraint

您也可以在没有第二个参数的情况下使用OBJECT_ID.

类型的完整名单这里:

对象类型:

AF = Aggregate function (CLR)
C = CHECK constraint
D = DEFAULT (constraint or stand-alone)
F = FOREIGN KEY constraint
FN = SQL scalar function
FS = Assembly (CLR) scalar-function
FT = Assembly (CLR) table-valued function
IF = SQL inline table-valued function
IT = Internal table
P = SQL Stored Procedure
PC = Assembly (CLR) stored-procedure
PG = Plan guide
PK = PRIMARY KEY constraint
R = Rule (old-style, stand-alone)
RF = Replication-filter-procedure
S = System base table
SN = Synonym
SO = Sequence object

适用于:SQL Server 2012到SQL Server 2014.

SQ = Service queue
TA = Assembly (CLR) DML trigger
TF = SQL table-valued-function
TR = SQL DML trigger
TT = Table type
U = Table (user-defined)
UQ = UNIQUE constraint
V = View
X = Extended stored procedure

---

看来,如果约束不在dbo架构中,那么您还需要包含架构名称.例如:OBJECT_ID('MySchema.FK_MyConstraint','F')

---

自由添加链接和类型列表.

3> Jovan MSFT..：

---

在SQL Server 2016中,您可以使用DROP IF EXISTS:

CREATE TABLE t(id int primary key, 
               parentid int
                    constraint tpartnt foreign key references t(id))
GO
ALTER TABLE t
DROP CONSTRAINT IF EXISTS tpartnt
GO
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t

请参阅http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sqlserverstorageengine/archive/2015/11/03/drop-if-exists-new-thing-in-sql-server-2016.aspx

4> DevDave..：

---

IF (OBJECT_ID('DF_Constraint') IS NOT NULL)
BEGIN
    ALTER TABLE [dbo].[tableName]
    DROP CONSTRAINT DF_Constraint
END

5> Sam Saffron..：

---

如果您知道实际约束的名称,James的答案就可以了.棘手的是,在遗留和其他现实世界的场景中,您可能不知道约束的内容.

如果是这种情况,则存在创建重复约束的风险,以避免您可以使用:

create function fnGetForeignKeyName
(
    @ParentTableName nvarchar(255), 
    @ParentColumnName nvarchar(255),
    @ReferencedTableName nvarchar(255),
    @ReferencedColumnName nvarchar(255)
)
returns nvarchar(255)
as
begin 
    declare @name nvarchar(255)

    select @name = fk.name  from sys.foreign_key_columns fc
    join sys.columns pc on pc.column_id = parent_column_id and parent_object_id = pc.object_id
    join sys.columns rc on rc.column_id = referenced_column_id and referenced_object_id = rc.object_id 
    join sys.objects po on po.object_id = pc.object_id
    join sys.objects ro on ro.object_id = rc.object_id 
    join sys.foreign_keys fk on fk.object_id = fc.constraint_object_id
    where 
        po.object_id = object_id(@ParentTableName) and 
        ro.object_id = object_id(@ReferencedTableName) and
        pc.name = @ParentColumnName and 
        rc.name = @ReferencedColumnName

    return @name
end

go

declare @name nvarchar(255)
declare @sql nvarchar(4000)
-- hunt for the constraint name on 'Badges.BadgeReasonTypeId' table refs the 'BadgeReasonTypes.Id'
select @name = dbo.fnGetForeignKeyName('dbo.Badges', 'BadgeReasonTypeId', 'dbo.BadgeReasonTypes', 'Id')
-- if we find it, the name will not be null
if @name is not null 
begin 
    set @sql = 'alter table Badges drop constraint ' + replace(@name,']', ']]')
    exec (@sql)
end

6> Mitch Wheat..：

---

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TableName]
    DROP CONSTRAINT FK_TableName_TableName2

---

也许把它放在`TRY..CATCH`块中.