如何获得R中两个向量之间元素的第n个匹配？

这也使用mapply通过哪个(.)[n]操作串联运行两列.

with(value_index_query,  
     mapply( function(target, nth) which(id==target)[nth], 
               target=value, nth=index) )
[1] 2 6

这是一个data.table解决方案,我们将id向量与映射表连接起来.然后我们可以.EACHI用于分组,index从.I每个组中抓取.

library(data.table)
## 'dti' would be your 'value_index_query' with the 'value' column renamed
dti <- data.table(id = c("a", "c"), index = c(2, 3))
## join it with 'id' and take 'index' by group
data.table(id)[dti, .I[index], by = .EACHI, on = "id"]$V1
# [1] 2 6

我们可以把它放到一个函数中:

viq <- function(id, value, index) {
    dti <- data.table(id = value, index = index)
    data.table(id)[dti, .I[index], by = .EACHI, on = "id"]$V1
}

id <- c("a", "a", "b", "c", "c", "c")

viq(id, c("a", "c"), 2:3)
# [1] 2 6
viq(id, c("a", "c"), c(2, 4))
# [1]  2 NA
viq(id, c("a", "b", "c"), c(2, 1, 4))
# [1]  2  3 NA
viq(id, c("a", "b", "c"), c(2, 1, 3))
# [1] 2 3 6