如何检测真正的Windows版本？

我知道我可以调用GetVersionEx Win32 API函数来检索Windows版本.在大多数情况下,返回值反映了我的Windows版本,但有时并非如此.

如果用户在兼容层下运行我的应用程序,则GetVersionEx将不报告实际版本,而是报告兼容层强制执行的版本.例如,如果我正在运行Vista并在"Windows NT 4"兼容模式下执行我的程序,则GetVersionEx将不会返回版本6.0而是4.0.

有没有办法绕过这种行为并获得真正的Windows版本？

我所知道的最好的方法是检查是否从某些DLL导出特定的API.每个新的Windows版本都添加了新功能,通过检查这些功能的存在,可以判断运行应用程序的操作系统.例如,Vista 从kernel32.dll 导出GetLocaleInfoEx,而之前的Windowses没有.

简而言之,这里有一个这样的列表,只包含来自kernel32.dll的导出.

> *function: implemented in*  
> GetLocaleInfoEx:       Vista  
> GetLargePageMinimum:   Vista, Server 2003  
GetDLLDirectory:         Vista, Server 2003, XP SP1  
GetNativeSystemInfo:     Vista, Server 2003, XP SP1, XP  
ReplaceFile:             Vista, Server 2003, XP SP1, XP, 2000  
OpenThread:              Vista, Server 2003, XP SP1, XP, 2000, ME  
GetThreadPriorityBoost:  Vista, Server 2003, XP SP1, XP, 2000,     NT 4  
IsDebuggerPresent:       Vista, Server 2003, XP SP1, XP, 2000, ME, NT 4, 98   
GetDiskFreeSpaceEx:      Vista, Server 2003, XP SP1, XP, 2000, ME, NT 4, 98, 95 OSR2  
ConnectNamedPipe:        Vista, Server 2003, XP SP1, XP, 2000,     NT 4,                 NT 3  
Beep:                    Vista, Server 2003, XP SP1, XP, 2000, ME,       98, 95 OSR2, 95  

编写函数来确定真实的OS版本很简单; 从最新的操作系统到最旧的操作系统,并使用GetProcAddress检查导出的API.用任何语言实现这一点应该是微不足道的.

Delphi中的以下代码是从免费的DSiWin32库中提取的:

TDSiWindowsVersion = (wvUnknown, wvWin31, wvWin95, wvWin95OSR2, wvWin98,
  wvWin98SE, wvWinME, wvWin9x, wvWinNT3, wvWinNT4, wvWin2000, wvWinXP,
  wvWinNT, wvWinServer2003, wvWinVista);

function DSiGetWindowsVersion: TDSiWindowsVersion;
var
  versionInfo: TOSVersionInfo;
begin
  versionInfo.dwOSVersionInfoSize := SizeOf(versionInfo);
  GetVersionEx(versionInfo);
  Result := wvUnknown;
  case versionInfo.dwPlatformID of
    VER_PLATFORM_WIN32s: Result := wvWin31;
    VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_WINDOWS:
      case versionInfo.dwMinorVersion of
        0:
          if Trim(versionInfo.szCSDVersion[1]) = 'B' then
            Result := wvWin95OSR2
          else
            Result := wvWin95;
        10:
          if Trim(versionInfo.szCSDVersion[1]) = 'A' then
            Result := wvWin98SE
          else
            Result := wvWin98;
        90:
          if (versionInfo.dwBuildNumber = 73010104) then
             Result := wvWinME;
           else
             Result := wvWin9x;
      end; //case versionInfo.dwMinorVersion
    VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT:
      case versionInfo.dwMajorVersion of
        3: Result := wvWinNT3;
        4: Result := wvWinNT4;
        5:
          case versionInfo.dwMinorVersion of
            0: Result := wvWin2000;
            1: Result := wvWinXP;
            2: Result := wvWinServer2003;
            else Result := wvWinNT
          end; //case versionInfo.dwMinorVersion
        6: Result := wvWinVista;
      end; //case versionInfo.dwMajorVersion
    end; //versionInfo.dwPlatformID
end; { DSiGetWindowsVersion }

function DSiGetTrueWindowsVersion: TDSiWindowsVersion;

  function ExportsAPI(module: HMODULE; const apiName: string): boolean;
  begin
    Result := GetProcAddress(module, PChar(apiName)) <> nil;
  end; { ExportsAPI }

var
  hKernel32: HMODULE;

begin { DSiGetTrueWindowsVersion }
  hKernel32 := GetModuleHandle('kernel32');
  Win32Check(hKernel32 <> 0);
  if ExportsAPI(hKernel32, 'GetLocaleInfoEx') then
    Result := wvWinVista
  else if ExportsAPI(hKernel32, 'GetLargePageMinimum') then
    Result := wvWinServer2003
  else if ExportsAPI(hKernel32, 'GetNativeSystemInfo') then
    Result := wvWinXP
  else if ExportsAPI(hKernel32, 'ReplaceFile') then
    Result := wvWin2000
  else if ExportsAPI(hKernel32, 'OpenThread') then
    Result := wvWinME
  else if ExportsAPI(hKernel32, 'GetThreadPriorityBoost') then
    Result := wvWinNT4
  else if ExportsAPI(hKernel32, 'IsDebuggerPresent') then  //is also in NT4!
    Result := wvWin98
  else if ExportsAPI(hKernel32, 'GetDiskFreeSpaceEx') then  //is also in NT4!
    Result := wvWin95OSR2
  else if ExportsAPI(hKernel32, 'ConnectNamedPipe') then
    Result := wvWinNT3
  else if ExportsAPI(hKernel32, 'Beep') then
    Result := wvWin95
  else // we have no idea
    Result := DSiGetWindowsVersion;
end; { DSiGetTrueWindowsVersion }

---更新2009-10-09

事实证明,在Vista SP1及更高版本上进行"未记录的"操作系统检测变得非常困难.查看API更改显示所有Windows 2008功能也在Vista SP1中实现,并且所有Windows 7功能也在Windows 2008 R2中实现.太糟糕了 :(

---更新结束

FWIW,这是我在实践中遇到的一个问题.我们(我工作的公司)有一个程序,当Vista发布时(以及之后几周......),它还没有真正适用于Vista.它也不在兼容层下工作.(一些DirectX问题.不要问.)

我们不想让自己太聪明的用户在Vista上运行这个应用程序 - 兼容模式与否 - 所以我必须找到一个解决方案(一个比我聪明的人指向正确的方向;上面的东西不是我的想法).现在我发布它是为了你的乐趣,并帮助所有将来必须解决这个问题的可怜的灵魂.谷歌,请索引这篇文章!

如果您有更好的解决方案(或我的升级和/或修复),请在此处发布答案...

WMI QUery:

"Select * from Win32_OperatingSystem"

编辑:其实更好的是:

"Select Version from Win32_OperatingSystem"

您可以在Delphi中实现这一点,如下所示:

function OperatingSystemDisplayName: string;

  function GetWMIObject(const objectName: string): IDispatch;
  var
    chEaten: Integer;
    BindCtx: IBindCtx;
    Moniker: IMoniker;
  begin
    OleCheck(CreateBindCtx(0, bindCtx));
    OleCheck(MkParseDisplayName(BindCtx, PChar(objectName), chEaten, Moniker));
    OleCheck(Moniker.BindToObject(BindCtx, nil, IDispatch, Result));
  end;

  function VarToString(const Value: OleVariant): string;
  begin
    if VarIsStr(Value) then begin
      Result := Trim(Value);
    end else begin
      Result := '';
    end;
  end;

  function FullVersionString(const Item: OleVariant): string;
  var
    Caption, ServicePack, Version, Architecture: string;
  begin
    Caption := VarToString(Item.Caption);
    ServicePack := VarToString(Item.CSDVersion);
    Version := VarToString(Item.Version);
    Architecture := ArchitectureDisplayName(SystemArchitecture);
    Result := Caption;
    if ServicePack <> '' then begin
      Result := Result + ' ' + ServicePack;
    end;
    Result := Result + ', version ' + Version + ', ' + Architecture;
  end;

var
  objWMIService: OleVariant;
  colItems: OleVariant;
  Item: OleVariant;
  oEnum: IEnumvariant;
  iValue: LongWord;

begin
  Try
    objWMIService := GetWMIObject('winmgmts:\\localhost\root\cimv2');
    colItems := objWMIService.ExecQuery('SELECT Caption, CSDVersion, Version FROM Win32_OperatingSystem', 'WQL', 0);
    oEnum := IUnknown(colItems._NewEnum) as IEnumVariant;
    if oEnum.Next(1, Item, iValue)=0 then begin
      Result := FullVersionString(Item);
      exit;
    end;
  Except
    // yes, I know this is nasty, but come what may I want to use the fallback code below should the WMI code fail
  End;

  (* Fallback, relies on the deprecated function GetVersionEx, reports erroneous values
     when manifest does not contain supportedOS matching the executing system *)
  Result := TOSVersion.ToString;
end;

如何获取系统文件的版本？

最好的文件是kernel32.dll,位于%WINDIR%\ System32\kernel32.dll中.

有API来获取文件版本.例如:我正在使用Windows XP - >"5.1.2600.5512(xpsp.080413-2111)"

另一种方案:

阅读以下注册表项:

HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ProductName

或来自的其他钥匙

HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion

实际版本存储在PEB块的过程信息上.

Win32应用程序示例(Delphi代码)

unit RealWindowsVerUnit;

interface

uses
  Windows;

var
  //Real version Windows
  Win32MajorVersionReal: Integer;
  Win32MinorVersionReal: Integer;

implementation

type
  PPEB=^PEB;
  PEB = record
    InheritedAddressSpace: Boolean;
    ReadImageFileExecOptions: Boolean;
    BeingDebugged: Boolean;
    Spare: Boolean;
    Mutant: Cardinal;
    ImageBaseAddress: Pointer;
    LoaderData: Pointer;
    ProcessParameters: Pointer; //PRTL_USER_PROCESS_PARAMETERS;
    SubSystemData: Pointer;
    ProcessHeap: Pointer;
    FastPebLock: Pointer;
    FastPebLockRoutine: Pointer;
    FastPebUnlockRoutine: Pointer;
    EnvironmentUpdateCount: Cardinal;
    KernelCallbackTable: PPointer;
    EventLogSection: Pointer;
    EventLog: Pointer;
    FreeList: Pointer; //PPEB_FREE_BLOCK;
    TlsExpansionCounter: Cardinal;
    TlsBitmap: Pointer;
    TlsBitmapBits: array[0..1] of Cardinal;
    ReadOnlySharedMemoryBase: Pointer;
    ReadOnlySharedMemoryHeap: Pointer;
    ReadOnlyStaticServerData: PPointer;
    AnsiCodePageData: Pointer;
    OemCodePageData: Pointer;
    UnicodeCaseTableData: Pointer;
    NumberOfProcessors: Cardinal;
    NtGlobalFlag: Cardinal;
    Spare2: array[0..3] of Byte;
    CriticalSectionTimeout: LARGE_INTEGER;
    HeapSegmentReserve: Cardinal;
    HeapSegmentCommit: Cardinal;
    HeapDeCommitTotalFreeThreshold: Cardinal;
    HeapDeCommitFreeBlockThreshold: Cardinal;
    NumberOfHeaps: Cardinal;
    MaximumNumberOfHeaps: Cardinal;
    ProcessHeaps: Pointer;
    GdiSharedHandleTable: Pointer;
    ProcessStarterHelper: Pointer;
    GdiDCAttributeList: Pointer;
    LoaderLock: Pointer;
    OSMajorVersion: Cardinal;
    OSMinorVersion: Cardinal;
    OSBuildNumber: Cardinal;
    OSPlatformId: Cardinal;
    ImageSubSystem: Cardinal;
    ImageSubSystemMajorVersion: Cardinal;
    ImageSubSystemMinorVersion: Cardinal;
    GdiHandleBuffer: array [0..33] of Cardinal;
    PostProcessInitRoutine: Cardinal;
    TlsExpansionBitmap: Cardinal;
    TlsExpansionBitmapBits: array [0..127] of Byte;
    SessionId: Cardinal;
  end;

//Get PEB block current win32 process
function GetPDB: PPEB; stdcall;
asm
  MOV EAX, DWORD PTR FS:[30h]
end;

initialization
  //Detect true windows wersion
  Win32MajorVersionReal := GetPDB^.OSMajorVersion;
  Win32MinorVersionReal := GetPDB^.OSMinorVersion;
end.