命令行curl可以通过使用-D选项显示响应头,但我想查看它发送的请求头.我怎样才能做到这一点？
curl -v或--verbose选项显示HTTP请求标头等.这是一些示例输出:
$ curl -v http://google.com/ * About to connect() to google.com port 80 (#0) * Trying 66.102.7.104... connected * Connected to google.com (66.102.7.104) port 80 (#0) > GET / HTTP/1.1 > User-Agent: curl/7.16.4 (i386-apple-darwin9.0) libcurl/7.16.4 OpenSSL/0.9.7l zlib/1.2.3 > Host: google.com > Accept: */* > < HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently < Location: http://www.google.com/ < Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 < Date: Thu, 15 Jul 2010 06:06:52 GMT < Expires: Sat, 14 Aug 2010 06:06:52 GMT < Cache-Control: public, max-age=2592000 < Server: gws < Content-Length: 219 < X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block <301 Moved 301 Moved
The document has moved here. * Connection #0 to host google.com left intact * Closing connection #0
curl -sD - -o /dev/null http://example.com
-s - 避免显示进度条
-D -- 将标头转储到文件,但-将其发送到stdout
-o /dev/null - 忽略响应体
这比-I不发送HEAD请求更好,这可能会产生不同的结果.
这比-v因为你不需要那么多黑客来解开它更好.
我相信你想要传递给curl的命令行开关是-I.
用法示例:
$ curl -I http://heatmiser.counterhack.com/zone-5-15614E3A-CEA7-4A28-A85A-D688CC418287
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Date: Sat, 29 Dec 2012 15:22:05 GMT
Server: Apache
Location: http://heatmiser.counterhack.com/zone-5-15614E3A-CEA7-4A28-A85A-D688CC418287/
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
此外,如果您遇到响应HTTP状态代码301,您可能还希望传递-L参数开关以告知curlURL重定向,并且在这种情况下,打印所有页面的标题(包括URL重定向),如下图所示:
$ curl -I -L http://heatmiser.counterhack.com/zone-5-15614E3A-CEA7-4A28-A85A-D688CC418287
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Date: Sat, 29 Dec 2012 15:22:13 GMT
Server: Apache
Location: http://heatmiser.counterhack.com/zone-5-15614E3A-CEA7-4A28-A85A-D688CC418287/
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Date: Sat, 29 Dec 2012 15:22:13 GMT
Server: Apache
Set-Cookie: UID=b8c37e33defde51cf91e1e03e51657da
Location: noaccess.php
Content-Type: text/html
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 29 Dec 2012 15:22:13 GMT
Server: Apache
Content-Type: text/html
详细选项很方便,但是如果你想看到curl所做的一切(包括传输的HTTP主体,而不仅仅是标题),我建议使用以下选项之一:
--trace-ascii - #stdout
--trace-ascii output_file.txt #file
使用以下命令获得一个很好的标头输出:
curl -L -v -s -o /dev/null google.de
-L, --location 按照重定向
-v, --verbose 更多输出,指示方向
-s, --silent 不显示进度条
-o, --output /dev/null 不显示收到的身体
或者更短的版本:
curl -Lvso /dev/null google.de
结果是:
* Rebuilt URL to: google.de/
* Trying 2a00:1450:4008:802::2003...
* Connected to google.de (2a00:1450:4008:802::2003) port 80 (#0)
> GET / HTTP/1.1
> Host: google.de
> User-Agent: curl/7.43.0
> Accept: */*
>
< HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
< Location: http://www.google.de/
< Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
< Date: Fri, 12 Aug 2016 15:45:36 GMT
< Expires: Sun, 11 Sep 2016 15:45:36 GMT
< Cache-Control: public, max-age=2592000
< Server: gws
< Content-Length: 218
< X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
< X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
<
* Ignoring the response-body
{ [218 bytes data]
* Connection #0 to host google.de left intact
* Issue another request to this URL: 'http://www.google.de/'
* Trying 2a00:1450:4008:800::2003...
* Connected to www.google.de (2a00:1450:4008:800::2003) port 80 (#1)
> GET / HTTP/1.1
> Host: www.google.de
> User-Agent: curl/7.43.0
> Accept: */*
>
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Date: Fri, 12 Aug 2016 15:45:36 GMT
< Expires: -1
< Cache-Control: private, max-age=0
< Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
< P3P: CP="This is not a P3P policy! See https://www.google.com/support/accounts/answer/151657?hl=en for more info."
< Server: gws
< X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
< X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
< Set-Cookie: NID=84=Z0WT_INFoDbf_0FIe_uHqzL9mf3DMSQs0mHyTEDAQOGY2sOrQaKVgN2domEw8frXvo4I3x3QVLqCH340HME3t1-6gNu8R-ArecuaneSURXNxSXYMhW2kBIE8Duty-_w7; expires=Sat, 11-Feb-2017 15:45:36 GMT; path=/; domain=.google.de; HttpOnly
< Accept-Ranges: none
< Vary: Accept-Encoding
< Transfer-Encoding: chunked
<
{ [11080 bytes data]
* Connection #1 to host www.google.de left intact
正如你可以看到curl输出和传入标题的输出,并跳过了bodydata,虽然告诉你身体有多大.
此外,对于每一行,指示方向以便于阅读.我发现追踪长链重定向特别有用.
类似于以下命令的命令将显示三个部分：请求标头，响应标头和数据（由CRLF分隔）。它避免了卷曲所带来的技术信息和语法噪音。
curl -vs www.stackoverflow.com 2>&1 | sed '/^* /d; /bytes data]$/d; s/> //; s/< //'
该命令将产生以下输出：
GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: www.stackoverflow.com User-Agent: curl/7.54.0 Accept: */* HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Location: https://stackoverflow.com/ Content-Length: 149 Accept-Ranges: bytes Date: Wed, 16 Jan 2019 20:28:56 GMT Via: 1.1 varnish Connection: keep-alive X-Served-By: cache-bma1622-BMA X-Cache: MISS X-Cache-Hits: 0 X-Timer: S1547670537.588756,VS0,VE105 Vary: Fastly-SSL X-DNS-Prefetch-Control: off Set-Cookie: prov=e4b211f7-ae13-dad3-9720-167742a5dff8; domain=.stackoverflow.com; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-2055 00:00:00 GMT; path=/; HttpOnlyDocument Moved Object Moved
This document may be found here
描述：
-vs -添加标题（-v）但删除进度栏（-s）
2>&1 -将stdout和stderr合并为单个stdout
sed -使用以下命令编辑curl产生的响应
/^* /d -删除以“ *”开头的行（技术信息）
/bytes data]$/d -删除以“字节数据]”结尾的行（技术信息）
s/> // -删除'>'前缀
s/< // -删除'<'前缀
在调试Web应用程序时,我必须自己克服这个问题.-v很棒,但对我的口味来说有点过于冗长.这是我提出的(仅限bash)解决方案:
curl -v http://example.com/ 2> >(sed '/^*/d')
这是有效的,因为输出来自-vstderr,而不是stdout.通过将其重定向到子shell,我们可以sed删除以其开头的行*.由于实际输出不通过子shell,因此不会受到影响.使用子shell有点笨拙,但这是将stderr重定向到另一个命令的最简单方法.(正如我所说,我只是用它进行测试,所以它适用于我.)
京公网安备 11010802040832号 | 京ICP备19059560号-6 