说我的我有以下内容models.py:
class Company(models.Model): name = ... class Rate(models.Model): company = models.ForeignKey(Company) name = ... class Client(models.Model): name = ... company = models.ForeignKey(Company) base_rate = models.ForeignKey(Rate)
即有多个Companies,每个都有Rates和Clients.每个都Client应该有一个Rate从它的父级Company's Rates而不是另一个基础中选择的基础Company's Rates.
在创建用于添加a的表单时Client,我想删除Company选项(因为已经通过Company页面上的"添加客户端"按钮Rate选择了该选项)并且还将选择限制为该选项Company.
我如何在Django 1.0中解决这个问题？
我目前的forms.py文件只是样板文件:
from models import *
from django.forms import ModelForm
class ClientForm(ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Client
这views.py也是基本的:
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response, get_object_or_404
from models import *
from forms import *
def addclient(request, company_id):
the_company = get_object_or_404(Company, id=company_id)
if request.POST:
form = ClientForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
return HttpResponseRedirect(the_company.get_clients_url())
else:
form = ClientForm()
return render_to_response('addclient.html', {'form': form, 'the_company':the_company})
在Django 0.96中,我能够在渲染模板之前通过执行以下操作来破解它:
manipulator.fields[0].choices = [(r.id,r.name) for r in Rate.objects.filter(company_id=the_company.id)]
ForeignKey.limit_choices_to似乎有希望,但我不知道如何传入the_company.id,我不清楚是否这将在Admin界面之外工作.
谢谢.(这似乎是一个非常基本的要求,但如果我重新设计一些东西,我会接受建议.)
ForeignKey由django.forms.ModelChoiceField表示,它是ChoiceField,其选择是模型QuerySet.请参阅ModelChoiceField的参考.
因此,为字段的queryset属性提供QuerySet .取决于您的表单是如何构建的.如果您构建一个显式表单,您将拥有直接命名的字段.
form.rate.queryset = Rate.objects.filter(company_id=the_company.id)
如果采用默认的ModelForm对象, form.fields["rate"].queryset = ...
这在视图中明确完成.没有黑客攻击.
除了S.Lott的答案和在评论中提到的BecomeGuru之外,还可以通过覆盖ModelForm.__init__函数来添加查询集过滤器.(这可以很容易地应用于常规表单)它可以帮助重用并保持视图功能整洁.
class ClientForm(forms.ModelForm):
def __init__(self,company,*args,**kwargs):
super (ClientForm,self ).__init__(*args,**kwargs) # populates the post
self.fields['rate'].queryset = Rate.objects.filter(company=company)
self.fields['client'].queryset = Client.objects.filter(company=company)
class Meta:
model = Client
def addclient(request, company_id):
the_company = get_object_or_404(Company, id=company_id)
if request.POST:
form = ClientForm(the_company,request.POST) #<-- Note the extra arg
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
return HttpResponseRedirect(the_company.get_clients_url())
else:
form = ClientForm(the_company)
return render_to_response('addclient.html',
{'form': form, 'the_company':the_company})
如果您在许多模型上需要通用过滤器(通常我声明一个抽象的Form类),这对重用来说很有用.例如
class UberClientForm(ClientForm):
class Meta:
model = UberClient
def view(request):
...
form = UberClientForm(company)
...
#or even extend the existing custom init
class PITAClient(ClientForm):
def __init__(company, *args, **args):
super (PITAClient,self ).__init__(company,*args,**kwargs)
self.fields['support_staff'].queryset = User.objects.exclude(user='michael')
除此之外,我只是重述Django博客材料,其中有许多好的博客材料.
这很简单,适用于Django 1.4:
class ClientAdminForm(forms.ModelForm):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(ClientAdminForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
# access object through self.instance...
self.fields['base_rate'].queryset = Rate.objects.filter(company=self.instance.company)
class ClientAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
form = ClientAdminForm
....
您不需要在表单类中指定它,但可以直接在ModelAdmin中指定它,因为Django已在ModelAdmin上包含此内置方法(来自文档):
ModelAdmin.formfield_for_foreignkey(self, db_field, request, **kwargs)¶
'''The formfield_for_foreignkey method on a ModelAdmin allows you to
override the default formfield for a foreign keys field. For example,
to return a subset of objects for this foreign key field based on the
user:'''
class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
def formfield_for_foreignkey(self, db_field, request, **kwargs):
if db_field.name == "car":
kwargs["queryset"] = Car.objects.filter(owner=request.user)
return super(MyModelAdmin, self).formfield_for_foreignkey(db_field, request, **kwargs)
更简单的方法(例如,创建用户可以访问的前端管理界面)是继承ModelAdmin,然后更改下面的方法.最终结果是一个用户界面,它只显示与它们相关的内容,同时允许您(超级用户)查看所有内容.
我已经覆盖了四种方法,前两种方法使得用户无法删除任何内容,并且还删除了管理站点中的删除按钮.
第三个覆盖过滤任何包含引用的查询(在示例中为'user'或'porcupine'(仅作为说明).
最后一个覆盖过滤模型中的任何foreignkey字段,以过滤与基本查询集相同的可用选项.
通过这种方式,您可以提供一个易于管理的前端管理站点,允许用户使用自己的对象,并且您不必记住键入我们上面讨论过的特定ModelAdmin过滤器.
class FrontEndAdmin(models.ModelAdmin):
def __init__(self, model, admin_site):
self.model = model
self.opts = model._meta
self.admin_site = admin_site
super(FrontEndAdmin, self).__init__(model, admin_site)
删除"删除"按钮:
def get_actions(self, request):
actions = super(FrontEndAdmin, self).get_actions(request)
if 'delete_selected' in actions:
del actions['delete_selected']
return actions
防止删除权限
def has_delete_permission(self, request, obj=None):
return False
筛选可在管理站点上查看的对象:
def get_queryset(self, request):
if request.user.is_superuser:
try:
qs = self.model.objects.all()
except AttributeError:
qs = self.model._default_manager.get_queryset()
return qs
else:
try:
qs = self.model.objects.all()
except AttributeError:
qs = self.model._default_manager.get_queryset()
if hasattr(self.model, ‘user’):
return qs.filter(user=request.user)
if hasattr(self.model, ‘porcupine’):
return qs.filter(porcupine=request.user.porcupine)
else:
return qs
筛选管理站点上所有foreignkey字段的选项:
def formfield_for_foreignkey(self, db_field, request, **kwargs):
if request.employee.is_superuser:
return super(FrontEndAdmin, self).formfield_for_foreignkey(db_field, request, **kwargs)
else:
if hasattr(db_field.rel.to, 'user'):
kwargs["queryset"] = db_field.rel.to.objects.filter(user=request.user)
if hasattr(db_field.rel.to, 'porcupine'):
kwargs["queryset"] = db_field.rel.to.objects.filter(porcupine=request.user.porcupine)
return super(ModelAdminFront, self).formfield_for_foreignkey(db_field, request, **kwargs)
要使用通用视图执行此操作,例如CreateView ...
class AddPhotoToProject(CreateView):
"""
a view where a user can associate a photo with a project
"""
model = Connection
form_class = CreateConnectionForm
def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
context = super(AddPhotoToProject, self).get_context_data(**kwargs)
context['photo'] = self.kwargs['pk']
context['form'].fields['project'].queryset = Project.objects.for_user(self.request.user)
return context
def form_valid(self, form):
pobj = Photo.objects.get(pk=self.kwargs['pk'])
obj = form.save(commit=False)
obj.photo = pobj
obj.save()
return_json = {'success': True}
if self.request.is_ajax():
final_response = json.dumps(return_json)
return HttpResponse(final_response)
else:
messages.success(self.request, 'photo was added to project!')
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('MyPhotos'))
最重要的部分......
context['form'].fields['project'].queryset = Project.objects.for_user(self.request.user)
,在这里阅读我的帖子
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