我无法理解Python的logging模块.我的需求非常简单:我只想将所有内容记录到syslog中.阅读文档后,我想出了这个简单的测试脚本:
import logging
import logging.handlers
my_logger = logging.getLogger('MyLogger')
my_logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
handler = logging.handlers.SysLogHandler()
my_logger.addHandler(handler)
my_logger.debug('this is debug')
my_logger.critical('this is critical')
但是此脚本不会在syslog中生成任何日志记录.怎么了？
将行更改为:
handler = SysLogHandler(address='/dev/log')
这适合我
import logging
import logging.handlers
my_logger = logging.getLogger('MyLogger')
my_logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
handler = logging.handlers.SysLogHandler(address = '/dev/log')
my_logger.addHandler(handler)
my_logger.debug('this is debug')
my_logger.critical('this is critical')
您应始终使用本地主机进行日志记录,无论是通过TCP堆栈还是/ dev/log或localhost.这允许完全符合RFC且功能强大的系统日志记录守护程序来处理syslog.这消除了远程守护进程功能的需要,并提供了syslog守护进程的增强功能,例如rsyslog和syslog-ng.SMTP也是如此.只需将其交给本地SMTP软件即可.在这种情况下使用'程序模式'而不是守护进程,但它是相同的想法.让功能更强大的软件处理它.可以重试,排队,本地假脱机,使用TCP而不是UDP来进行系统日志等.您也可以[代码]单独[重新]配置这些守护程序.
保存您的应用程序编码,让其他软件协同工作.
我发现syslog模块可以很容易地获得您描述的基本日志记录行为:
import syslog
syslog.syslog("This is a test message")
syslog.syslog(syslog.LOG_INFO, "Test message at INFO priority")
还有其他一些你可以做的事情,但即便只是前两行也会让你得到我所理解的东西.
从这里和其他地方拼凑起来的东西,这就是我提出的可以在unbuntu 12.04和centOS6上运行的东西
/etc/rsyslog.d/在.conf中创建一个文件并添加以下文本
local6.* /var/log/my-logfile
重新启动rsyslog,重新加载似乎不适用于新的日志文件.也许它只重新加载现有的conf文件？
sudo restart rsyslog
然后你可以使用这个测试程序来确保它确实有效.
import logging, sys
from logging import config
LOGGING = {
'version': 1,
'disable_existing_loggers': False,
'formatters': {
'verbose': {
'format': '%(levelname)s %(module)s P%(process)d T%(thread)d %(message)s'
},
},
'handlers': {
'stdout': {
'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',
'stream': sys.stdout,
'formatter': 'verbose',
},
'sys-logger6': {
'class': 'logging.handlers.SysLogHandler',
'address': '/dev/log',
'facility': "local6",
'formatter': 'verbose',
},
},
'loggers': {
'my-logger': {
'handlers': ['sys-logger6','stdout'],
'level': logging.DEBUG,
'propagate': True,
},
}
}
config.dictConfig(LOGGING)
logger = logging.getLogger("my-logger")
logger.debug("Debug")
logger.info("Info")
logger.warn("Warn")
logger.error("Error")
logger.critical("Critical")
我添加了一些额外的评论以防万一它可以帮助任何人,因为我发现这个交换有用,但需要这些额外的信息来使它全部工作.
要使用SysLogHandler登录到特定设施,您需要指定设施值.比如你已经定义了:
local3.* /var/log/mylog
在syslog中,那么你将要使用:
handler = logging.handlers.SysLogHandler(address = ('localhost',514), facility=19)
并且您还需要在UDP上侦听syslog以使用localhost而不是/ dev/log.
您的syslog.conf是否设置为处理facility = user？
您可以使用facility参数设置python logger使用的工具,如下所示:
handler = logging.handlers.SysLogHandler(facility=SysLogHandler.LOG_DAEMON)
import syslog
syslog.openlog(ident="LOG_IDENTIFIER",logoption=syslog.LOG_PID, facility=syslog.LOG_LOCAL0)
syslog.syslog('Log processing initiated...')
上面的脚本将使用我们的自定义"LOG_IDENTIFIER"登录LOCAL0工具......您可以将LOCAL [0-7]用于本地目的.
来自https://github.com/luismartingil/per.scripts/tree/master/python_syslog
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
'''
Implements a new handler for the logging module which uses the pure syslog python module.
@author: Luis Martin Gil
@year: 2013
'''
import logging
import syslog
class SysLogLibHandler(logging.Handler):
"""A logging handler that emits messages to syslog.syslog."""
FACILITY = [syslog.LOG_LOCAL0,
syslog.LOG_LOCAL1,
syslog.LOG_LOCAL2,
syslog.LOG_LOCAL3,
syslog.LOG_LOCAL4,
syslog.LOG_LOCAL5,
syslog.LOG_LOCAL6,
syslog.LOG_LOCAL7]
def __init__(self, n):
""" Pre. (0 <= n <= 7) """
try:
syslog.openlog(logoption=syslog.LOG_PID, facility=self.FACILITY[n])
except Exception , err:
try:
syslog.openlog(syslog.LOG_PID, self.FACILITY[n])
except Exception, err:
try:
syslog.openlog('my_ident', syslog.LOG_PID, self.FACILITY[n])
except:
raise
# We got it
logging.Handler.__init__(self)
def emit(self, record):
syslog.syslog(self.format(record))
if __name__ == '__main__':
""" Lets play with the log class. """
# Some variables we need
_id = 'myproj_v2.0'
logStr = 'debug'
logFacilityLocalN = 1
# Defines a logging level and logging format based on a given string key.
LOG_ATTR = {'debug': (logging.DEBUG,
_id + ' %(levelname)-9s %(name)-15s %(threadName)-14s +%(lineno)-4d %(message)s'),
'info': (logging.INFO,
_id + ' %(levelname)-9s %(message)s'),
'warning': (logging.WARNING,
_id + ' %(levelname)-9s %(message)s'),
'error': (logging.ERROR,
_id + ' %(levelname)-9s %(message)s'),
'critical': (logging.CRITICAL,
_id + ' %(levelname)-9s %(message)s')}
loglevel, logformat = LOG_ATTR[logStr]
# Configuring the logger
logger = logging.getLogger()
logger.setLevel(loglevel)
# Clearing previous logs
logger.handlers = []
# Setting formaters and adding handlers.
formatter = logging.Formatter(logformat)
handlers = []
handlers.append(SysLogLibHandler(logFacilityLocalN))
for h in handlers:
h.setFormatter(formatter)
logger.addHandler(h)
# Yep!
logging.debug('test debug')
logging.info('test info')
logging.warning('test warning')
logging.error('test error')
logging.critical('test critical')
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