在Linux下,如何找出更多使用交换空间的进程？
我找到的最好的脚本是在这个页面上:http://northernmost.org/blog/find-out-what-is-using-your-swap/
这是脚本的一个变体,不需要root:
#!/bin/bash
# Get current swap usage for all running processes
# Erik Ljungstrom 27/05/2011
# Modified by Mikko Rantalainen 2012-08-09
# Pipe the output to "sort -nk3" to get sorted output
# Modified by Marc Methot 2014-09-18
# removed the need for sudo
SUM=0
OVERALL=0
for DIR in `find /proc/ -maxdepth 1 -type d -regex "^/proc/[0-9]+"`
do
PID=`echo $DIR | cut -d / -f 3`
PROGNAME=`ps -p $PID -o comm --no-headers`
for SWAP in `grep VmSwap $DIR/status 2>/dev/null | awk '{ print $2 }'`
do
let SUM=$SUM+$SWAP
done
if (( $SUM > 0 )); then
echo "PID=$PID swapped $SUM KB ($PROGNAME)"
fi
let OVERALL=$OVERALL+$SUM
SUM=0
done
echo "Overall swap used: $OVERALL KB"
运行顶部然后按OpEnter.现在,流程应按其交换使用情况进行排序.
这是一个更新,因为我的原始答案没有提供问题的确切答案,如评论中所指出的.从htop FAQ:
无法获得进程的已使用交换空间的确切大小.Top通过制作SWAP = VIRT-RES来伪造这些信息,但这不是一个好的指标,因为其他东西,如视频内存也计入VIRT(例如:top说我的X进程使用81M的交换,但它也报告我的系统整体上只使用了2M的交换.因此,我不会在htop中添加类似的Swap列,因为我不知道获取此信息的可靠方法(实际上,我认为不可能得到这些信息)一个确切的数字,因为共享页面).
这是脚本的另一个变体,但是意味着提供更可读的输出(您需要以root身份运行它以获得精确的结果):
#!/bin/bash
# find-out-what-is-using-your-swap.sh
# -- Get current swap usage for all running processes
# --
# -- rev.0.3, 2012-09-03, Jan Smid - alignment and intendation, sorting
# -- rev.0.2, 2012-08-09, Mikko Rantalainen - pipe the output to "sort -nk3" to get sorted output
# -- rev.0.1, 2011-05-27, Erik Ljungstrom - initial version
SCRIPT_NAME=`basename $0`;
SORT="kb"; # {pid|kB|name} as first parameter, [default: kb]
[ "$1" != "" ] && { SORT="$1"; }
[ ! -x `which mktemp` ] && { echo "ERROR: mktemp is not available!"; exit; }
MKTEMP=`which mktemp`;
TMP=`${MKTEMP} -d`;
[ ! -d "${TMP}" ] && { echo "ERROR: unable to create temp dir!"; exit; }
>${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.pid;
>${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.kb;
>${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.name;
SUM=0;
OVERALL=0;
echo "${OVERALL}" > ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.overal;
for DIR in `find /proc/ -maxdepth 1 -type d -regex "^/proc/[0-9]+"`;
do
PID=`echo $DIR | cut -d / -f 3`
PROGNAME=`ps -p $PID -o comm --no-headers`
for SWAP in `grep Swap $DIR/smaps 2>/dev/null| awk '{ print $2 }'`
do
let SUM=$SUM+$SWAP
done
if (( $SUM > 0 ));
then
echo -n ".";
echo -e "${PID}\t${SUM}\t${PROGNAME}" >> ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.pid;
echo -e "${SUM}\t${PID}\t${PROGNAME}" >> ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.kb;
echo -e "${PROGNAME}\t${SUM}\t${PID}" >> ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.name;
fi
let OVERALL=$OVERALL+$SUM
SUM=0
done
echo "${OVERALL}" > ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.overal;
echo;
echo "Overall swap used: ${OVERALL} kB";
echo "========================================";
case "${SORT}" in
name )
echo -e "name\tkB\tpid";
echo "========================================";
cat ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.name|sort -r;
;;
kb )
echo -e "kB\tpid\tname";
echo "========================================";
cat ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.kb|sort -rh;
;;
pid | * )
echo -e "pid\tkB\tname";
echo "========================================";
cat ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.pid|sort -rh;
;;
esac
rm -fR "${TMP}/";
如果您想要找到大多数页面被换出或处理导致大多数页面被换出的进程,那么这一点并不完全清楚.
对于第一个,您可以top通过交换运行和订购(按'Op'),对于后者,您可以运行vmstat并查找'so'的非零条目.
我注意到这个线程相当陈旧,但如果你偶然发现它,就像我刚才那样,另一个答案是:使用smem.
这是一个链接,告诉您如何安装它以及如何使用它:
http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-which-process-is-using-swap/
top命令还包含一个字段,用于显示进程的页面错误数.具有最大页面错误的进程将是交换最多的进程.对于长时间运行的守护进程,可能是它们在开始时出现大量页面错误,并且数字不会在以后增加.所以我们需要观察页面错误是否在增加.
避免shell中循环的另一个脚本变体:
#!/bin/bash
grep VmSwap /proc/[0-9]*/status | awk -F':' -v sort="$1" '
{
split($1,pid,"/") # Split first field on /
split($3,swp," ") # Split third field on space
cmdlinefile = "/proc/"pid[3]"/cmdline" # Build the cmdline filepath
getline pname[pid[3]] < cmdlinefile # Get the command line from pid
swap[pid[3]] = sprintf("%6i %s",swp[1],swp[2]) # Store the swap used (with unit to avoid rebuilding at print)
sum+=swp[1] # Sum the swap
}
END {
OFS="\t" # Change the output separator to tabulation
print "Pid","Swap used","Command line" # Print header
if(sort) {
getline max_pid < "/proc/sys/kernel/pid_max"
for(p=1;p<=max_pid;p++) {
if(p in pname) print p,swap[p],pname[p] # print the values
}
} else {
for(p in pname) { # Loop over all pids found
print p,swap[p],pname[p] # print the values
}
}
print "Total swap used:",sum # print the sum
}'
标准用法是script.sh使用随机顺序获取每个程序的使用情况(直到如何awk存储其哈希值)或script.sh 1按pid对输出进行排序.
我希望我已经对代码进行了评论,足以说明它的作用.
这正是比相同lolotux剧本，但没有任何叉grep，awk或ps。这要快得多！
由于bash是性能最差的shell之一，因此做了一些工作来确保该脚本在dash，busybox等环境下可以正常运行。然后，（感谢StéphaneChazelas）再次变得更快了！
#!/bin/sh
# Get current swap usage for all running processes
# Felix Hauri 2016-08-05
# Rewritted without fork. Inspired by first stuff from
# Erik Ljungstrom 27/05/2011
# Modified by Mikko Rantalainen 2012-08-09
# Pipe the output to "sort -nk3" to get sorted output
# Modified by Marc Methot 2014-09-18
# removed the need for sudo
OVERALL=0
rifs=`printf ': \t'`
for FILE in /proc/[0-9]*/status ;do
SUM=0
while IFS="$rifs" read FIELD VALUE ;do
case $FIELD in
Pid ) PID=$VALUE ;;
Name ) PROGNAME="$VALUE" ;;
VmSwap ) SUM=$((SUM=${VALUE% *})) ;;
esac
done <$FILE
[ $SUM -gt 0 ] &&
printf "PID: %9d swapped: %11d KB (%s)\n" $PID $SUM "$PROGNAME"
OVERALL=$((OVERALL+SUM))
done
printf "Total swapped memory: %14u KB\n" $OVERALL
不要忘了双引号"$PROGNAME"！请参阅StéphaneChazelas的评论：
read FIELD PROGNAME < <(
perl -ne 'BEGIN{$0="/*/*/../../*/*"} print if /^Name/' /proc/self/status
)
echo $FIELD "$PROGNAME"
不要echo $PROGNAME在明智的系统上使用双引号，并且准备好杀死当前的shell！
由于这不是一个简单的脚本，因此需要时间来使用更高效的语言来编写专用工具。
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
use Getopt::Std;
my ($tot,$mtot)=(0,0);
my %procs;
my %opts;
getopt('', \%opts);
sub sortres {
return $a <=> $b if $opts{'p'};
return $procs{$a}->{'cmd'} cmp $procs{$b}->{'cmd'} if $opts{'c'};
return $procs{$a}->{'mswap'} <=> $procs{$b}->{'mswap'} if $opts{'m'};
return $procs{$a}->{'swap'} <=> $procs{$b}->{'swap'};
};
opendir my $dh,"/proc";
for my $pid (grep {/^\d+$/} readdir $dh) {
if (open my $fh,") {
$sum+=$1 if /^VmSwap:\s+(\d+)\s/;
$nam=$1 if /^Name:\s+(\S+)/;
}
if ($sum) {
$tot+=$sum;
$procs{$pid}->{'swap'}=$sum;
$procs{$pid}->{'cmd'}=$nam;
close $fh;
if (open my $fh,") {
$sum+=$1 if /^Swap:\s+(\d+)\s/;
};
};
$mtot+=$sum;
$procs{$pid}->{'mswap'}=$sum;
} else { close $fh; };
};
};
map {
printf "PID: %9d swapped: %11d (%11d) KB (%s)\n",
$_, $procs{$_}->{'swap'}, $procs{$_}->{'mswap'}, $procs{$_}->{'cmd'};
} sort sortres keys %procs;
printf "Total swapped memory: %14u (%11u) KB\n", $tot,$mtot;
可以通过以下方式之一运行
-c sort by command name -p sort by pid -m sort by swap values by default, output is sorted by status's vmsize
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