我不清楚"当前"版本的Ruby(1.8)和"新"版本(1.9)之间的差异.是否存在对这些差异的"简单"或"简单"解释以及为何如此不同?
Sam Ruby有一个很酷的幻灯片,概述了差异.
为了便于参考这些信息,如果链接在抽象的未来失效,这里是对Sam的幻灯片的概述.幻灯片放映的评论不那么令人难以置信,但是将它们全部列在这样的列表中也很有帮助.
Ruby 1.9 - 主要功能
性能
线程/纤维
编码/ Unicode的
宝石现在(大部分)是内置的
if语句没有在Ruby中引入范围.
改变了什么?
Ruby 1.9
irb(main):001:0> ?c => "c"
Ruby 1.8.6
irb(main):001:0> ?c => 99
Ruby 1.9
irb(main):001:0> "cat"[1] => "a"
Ruby 1.8.6
irb(main):001:0> "cat"[1] => 97
Ruby 1.9
irb(main):002:0> {1,2} SyntaxError: (irb):2: syntax error, unexpected ',', expecting tASSOC
Ruby 1.8.6
irb(main):001:0> {1,2} => {1=>2}
行动:转换为{1 => 2}
Array.to_s
现在包含标点符号Ruby 1.9
irb(main):001:0> [1,2,3].to_s => "[1, 2, 3]"
Ruby 1.8.6
irb(main):001:0> [1,2,3].to_s => "123"
操作:改用.join
Ruby 1.9
irb(main):001:0> case 'a'; when /\w/: puts 'word'; end SyntaxError: (irb):1: syntax error, unexpected ':', expecting keyword_then or ',' or ';' or '\n'
Ruby 1.8.6
irb(main):001:0> case 'a'; when /\w/: puts 'word'; end word
操作:使用分号,然后使用分号或换行符
Ruby 1.9
irb(main):001:0> i=0; [1,2,3].each {|i|}; i => 0 irb(main):002:0> i=0; for i in [1,2,3]; end; i => 3
Ruby 1.8.6
irb(main):001:0> i=0; [1,2,3].each {|i|}; i => 3
Hash.index
弃用Ruby 1.9
irb(main):001:0> {1=>2}.index(2) (irb):18: warning: Hash#index is deprecated; use Hash#key => 1 irb(main):002:0> {1=>2}.key(2) => 1
Ruby 1.8.6
irb(main):001:0> {1=>2}.index(2) => 1
操作:使用Hash.key
Fixnum.to_sym
现在走了Ruby 1.9
irb(main):001:0> 5.to_sym NoMethodError: undefined method 'to_sym' for 5:Fixnum
Ruby 1.8.6
irb(main):001:0> 5.to_sym => nil
(续)Ruby 1.9
# Find an argument value by name or index. def [](index) lookup(index.to_sym) end
svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/trunk/lib/rake.rb
Ruby 1.9
irb(main):001:0> {:a=>"a", :c=>"c", :b=>"b"} => {:a=>"a", :c=>"c", :b=>"b"}
Ruby 1.8.6
irb(main):001:0> {:a=>"a", :c=>"c", :b=>"b"} => {:a=>"a", :b=>"b", :c=>"c"}
订单是广告订单
Ruby 1.9
irb(main):001:0> /\x80/u SyntaxError: (irb):2: invalid multibyte escape: /\x80/
Ruby 1.8.6
irb(main):001:0> /\x80/u => /\x80/u
tr
而Regexp
现在明白的UnicodeRuby 1.9
unicode(string).tr(CP1252_DIFFERENCES, UNICODE_EQUIVALENT). gsub(INVALID_XML_CHAR, REPLACEMENT_CHAR). gsub(XML_PREDEFINED) {|c| PREDEFINED[c.ord]}
pack
和 unpack
Ruby 1.8.6
def xchr(escape=true) n = XChar::CP1252[self] || self case n when *XChar::VALID XChar::PREDEFINED[n] or (n>128 ? n.chr : (escape ? "#{n};" : [n].pack('U*'))) else Builder::XChar::REPLACEMENT_CHAR end end unpack('U*').map {|n| n.xchr(escape)}.join
BasicObject
比野蛮更残酷 BlankSlate
Ruby 1.9
irb(main):001:0> class C < BasicObject; def f; Math::PI; end; end; C.new.f NameError: uninitialized constant C::Math
Ruby 1.8.6
irb(main):001:0> require 'blankslate' => true irb(main):002:0> class C < BlankSlate; def f; Math::PI; end; end; C.new.f => 3.14159265358979
操作:使用:: Math :: PI
Ruby 1.9
irb(main):002:0> class C < SimpleDelegator; end => nil irb(main):003:0> C.new('').class => String
Ruby 1.8.6
irb(main):002:0> class C < SimpleDelegator; end => nil irb(main):003:0> C.new('').class => C irb(main):004:0>
缺陷17700
Ruby 1.9
irb(main):004:1> $KCODE = 'UTF8' (irb):4: warning: variable $KCODE is no longer effective; ignored => "UTF8"
Ruby 1.8.6
irb(main):001:0> $KCODE = 'UTF8' => "UTF8"
instance_methods
现在是一个符号数组Ruby 1.9
irb(main):001:0> {}.methods.sort.last => :zip
Ruby 1.8.6
irb(main):001:0> {}.methods.sort.last => "zip"
操作:替换instance_methods.include?使用method_defined?
# coding: utf-8
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
#!/usr/local/rubybook/bin/ruby # encoding: utf-8
比赛条件
隐式排序假设
测试代码
Ruby 1.9
{a: b} redirect_to action: show
Ruby 1.8.6
{:a => b} redirect_to :action => show
Ruby 1.9
[1,2].each {|value; t| t=value*value}
Ruby 1.9
[1,2].inject(:+)
Ruby 1.8.6
[1,2].inject {|a,b| a+b}
to_enum
Ruby 1.9
short_enum = [1, 2, 3].to_enum long_enum = ('a'..'z').to_enum loop do puts "#{short_enum.next} #{long_enum.next}" end
Ruby 1.9
e = [1,2,3].each
Ruby 1.9
p = -> a,b,c {a+b+c} puts p.(1,2,3) puts p[1,2,3]
Ruby 1.8.6
p = lambda {|a,b,c| a+b+c} puts p.call(1,2,3)
Ruby 1.9
Complex(3,4) == 3 + 4.im
Ruby 1.9
irb(main):001:0> 1.2-1.1 => 0.0999999999999999
Ruby 1.9
/\p{Space}/
Ruby 1.8.6
/[:space:]/
Ruby 1.9
def foo(first, *middle, last) (->a, *b, c {p a-c}).(*5.downto(1))
Ruby 1.9
f = Fiber.new do a,b = 0,1 Fiber.yield a Fiber.yield b loop do a,b = b,a+b Fiber.yield b end end 10.times {puts f.resume}
Ruby 1.9
match = while line = gets next if line =~ /^#/ break line if line.find('ruby') end
Ruby 1.9
def toggle def toggle "subsequent times" end "first time" end
HTH!
一个巨大的差异将是从Matz的解释器转移到YARV,YARV是一个字节码虚拟机,可以显着提高性能.