此代码适用于irb:
irb(main):037:0> eval <<-EOS irb(main):038:0" #{attribute} = "host" irb(main):039:0" puts machine irb(main):040:0" EOS host => nil irb(main):041:0> puts machine host => nil irb(main):042:0> puts attribute machine => nil irb(main):043:0>
但是,当我尝试执行与ruby脚本相同的代码时,我收到以下错误:
../autosys/convert_jil_to_zapp.rb:40: undefined local variable or method `machine' for main:Object (NameError) from ../autosys/convert_jil_to_zapp.rb:29:in `each_line' from ../autosys/convert_jil_to_zapp.rb:29 from ../autosys/convert_jil_to_zapp.rb:27:in `each' from ../autosys/convert_jil_to_zapp.rb:27 pi929c1n10 /ms/user/h/hirscst/ruby/autosys 77$ gvim try.rb pi929c1n10 /ms/user/h/hirscst/ruby/autosys 78$ chmod +x try.rb pi929c1n10 /ms/user/h/hirscst/ruby/autosys 79$ ./try.rb host ./try.rb:8: undefined local variable or method `machine' for main:Object (NameError)
有谁能解释为什么?
这是因为运行时尚machine
未定义变量eval
.一个更简洁的例子:
eval 'x = 3' puts x # throws an exception when run as a script => 3
x = 1 eval 'x = 3' puts x => 3
要引用马茨:
局部变量应该在编译时确定,因此首先在eval'ed字符串中定义的局部变量只能从其他eval'ed字符串中访问.另外,它们在Ruby2中会更短暂,因此不会从外部访问这些变量.
不同之处在于IRB中的所有内容都被评估,因此它们都在相同的范围内.也就是说,你基本上是在IRB中这样做的:
eval 'x = 3' eval 'puts x'
它既适用于IRB,也适用于脚本.