设置Windows PowerShell路径变量

您还可以使用以下命令永久修改用户/系统环境变量(即,将在shell重新启动时保持持久性):

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable
     ("Path", $env:Path, [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)

从PowerShell提示符:

setx PATH "$env:path;\the\directory\to\add" -m

然后你应该看到文字:

SUCCESS: Specified value was saved.

重新启动会话,变量将可用.setx也可以用来设置任意变量.键入setx /?在提示文档.

在以这种方式弄乱路径之前,请确保通过$env:path >> a.out在PowerShell提示符下保存现有路径的副本.

就像JeanT的回答一样,我希望在路径上添加一个抽象.与JeanT的回答不同,我需要它在没有用户交互的情况下运行.我正在寻找的其他行为:

更新,$env:Path以便更改在当前会话中生效

保留环境变量以用于将来的会话

当相同路径已存在时,不添加重复路径

如果它有用,这里是:

function Add-EnvPath {
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
        [string] $Path,

        [ValidateSet('Machine', 'User', 'Session')]
        [string] $Container = 'Session'
    )

    if ($Container -ne 'Session') {
        $containerMapping = @{
            Machine = [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine
            User = [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User
        }
        $containerType = $containerMapping[$Container]

        $persistedPaths = [Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('Path', $containerType) -split ';'
        if ($persistedPaths -notcontains $Path) {
            $persistedPaths = $persistedPaths + $Path | where { $_ }
            [Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('Path', $persistedPaths -join ';', $containerType)
        }
    }

    $envPaths = $env:Path -split ';'
    if ($envPaths -notcontains $Path) {
        $envPaths = $envPaths + $Path | where { $_ }
        $env:Path = $envPaths -join ';'
    }
}

查看我的要点以获得相应的Remove-EnvPath功能.

虽然当前接受的答案在路径变量从PowerShell的上下文中永久更新的意义上起作用,但它实际上并不更新存储在Windows注册表中的环境变量.

为此,您显然可以使用PowerShell:

$oldPath=(Get-ItemProperty -Path 'Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment' -Name PATH).Path

$newPath=$oldPath+’;C:\NewFolderToAddToTheList\’

Set-ItemProperty -Path 'Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment' -Name PATH –Value $newPath

有关更多信息,请参阅博客文章使用PowerShell修改您的环境路径

如果使用PowerShell社区扩展,则向环境变量路径添加路径的正确命令是:

Add-PathVariable "C:\NewFolderToAddToTheList" -Target Machine

所有建议永久性更改的答案都有同样的问题:它们打破了路径注册表值.

SetEnvironmentVariable将REG_EXPAND_SZ值%SystemRoot%\system32 转换为REG_SZ值C:\Windows\system32.

路径中的任何其他变量也会丢失.添加新的使用%myNewPath%将不再起作用.

这Set-PathVariable.ps1是我用来解决这个问题的脚本:

 [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess=$true)]
 param(
     [parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
     [string]$NewLocation)

 Begin
 {

 #requires –runasadministrator

     $regPath = "SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment"
     $hklm = [Microsoft.Win32.Registry]::LocalMachine

     Function GetOldPath()
     {
         $regKey = $hklm.OpenSubKey($regPath, $FALSE)
         $envpath = $regKey.GetValue("Path", "", [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueOptions]::DoNotExpandEnvironmentNames)
         return $envPath
     }
 }

 Process
 {
     # Win32API error codes
     $ERROR_SUCCESS = 0
     $ERROR_DUP_NAME = 34
     $ERROR_INVALID_DATA = 13

     $NewLocation = $NewLocation.Trim();

     If ($NewLocation -eq "" -or $NewLocation -eq $null)
     {
         Exit $ERROR_INVALID_DATA
     }

     [string]$oldPath = GetOldPath
     Write-Verbose "Old Path: $oldPath"

     # Check whether the new location is already in the path
     $parts = $oldPath.split(";")
     If ($parts -contains $NewLocation)
     {
         Write-Warning "The new location is already in the path"
         Exit $ERROR_DUP_NAME
     }

     # Build the new path, make sure we don't have double semicolons
     $newPath = $oldPath + ";" + $NewLocation
     $newPath = $newPath -replace ";;",""

     if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("%Path%", "Add $NewLocation")){

         # Add to the current session
         $env:path += ";$NewLocation"

         # Save into registry
         $regKey = $hklm.OpenSubKey($regPath, $True)
         $regKey.SetValue("Path", $newPath, [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::ExpandString)
         Write-Output "The operation completed successfully."
     }

     Exit $ERROR_SUCCESS
 }

我在博客文章中更详细地解释了这个问题.

这将设置当前会话的路径并提示用户永久添加它:

function Set-Path {
    param([string]$x)
    $Env:Path+= ";" +  $x
    Write-Output $Env:Path
    $write = Read-Host 'Set PATH permanently ? (yes|no)'
    if ($write -eq "yes")
    {
        [Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("Path",$env:Path, [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User)
        Write-Output 'PATH updated'
    }
}

您可以将此功能添加到默认配置文件(Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1),通常位于%USERPROFILE%\Documents\WindowsPowerShell.

在@Michael Kropat的答案的基础上，我添加了一个参数来将新路径添加到现有PATH变量的前面，并添加了一个检查以避免添加不存在的路径：

function Add-EnvPath {
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
        [string] $Path,

        [ValidateSet('Machine', 'User', 'Session')]
        [string] $Container = 'Session',

        [Parameter(Mandatory=$False)]
        [Switch] $Prepend
    )

    if (Test-Path -path "$Path") {
        if ($Container -ne 'Session') {
            $containerMapping = @{
                Machine = [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine
                User = [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User
            }
            $containerType = $containerMapping[$Container]

            $persistedPaths = [Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('Path', $containerType) -split ';'
            if ($persistedPaths -notcontains $Path) {
                if ($Prepend) {
                    $persistedPaths = ,$Path + $persistedPaths | where { $_ }
                    [Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('Path', $persistedPaths -join ';', $containerType)
                }
                else {
                    $persistedPaths = $persistedPaths + $Path | where { $_ }
                    [Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('Path', $persistedPaths -join ';', $containerType)
                }
            }
        }

        $envPaths = $env:Path -split ';'
        if ($envPaths -notcontains $Path) {
            if ($Prepend) {
                $envPaths = ,$Path + $envPaths | where { $_ }
                $env:Path = $envPaths -join ';'
            }
            else {
                $envPaths = $envPaths + $Path | where { $_ }
                $env:Path = $envPaths -join ';'
            }
        }
    }
}

大多数答案都没有解决UAC问题.这涵盖了UAC问题.

首先安装PowerShell社区扩展:choco install pscx通过http://chocolatey.org/(您可能必须重新启动shell环境).

然后启用pscx

Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser #allows scripts to run from the interwebs, such as pcsx

然后用 Invoke-Elevated

Invoke-Elevated {Add-PathVariable $args[0] -Target Machine} -ArgumentList $MY_NEW_DIR

正如Jonathan Leaders在此提到的那样,重要的是运行命令/脚本以提升能够更改"机器"的环境变量,但运行一些提升的命令不一定要使用社区扩展,所以我想要以某种方式修改和扩展JeanT的 答案,即使脚本本身没有运行提升,也可以执行更改机器变量:

function Set-Path ([string]$newPath, [bool]$permanent=$false, [bool]$forMachine=$false )
{
    $Env:Path += ";$newPath"

    $scope = if ($forMachine) { 'Machine' } else { 'User' }

    if ($permanent)
    {
        $command = "[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('PATH', $env:Path, $scope)"
        Start-Process -FilePath powershell.exe -ArgumentList "-noprofile -command $Command" -Verb runas
    }

}