是否有命令从Windows中的命令提示符刷新环境变量？

这就是Chocolatey使用的.

https://github.com/chocolatey/choco/blob/master/src/chocolatey.resources/redirects/RefreshEnv.cmd

@echo off
::
:: RefreshEnv.cmd
::
:: Batch file to read environment variables from registry and
:: set session variables to these values.
::
:: With this batch file, there should be no need to reload command
:: environment every time you want environment changes to propagate

echo | set /p dummy="Reading environment variables from registry. Please wait... "

goto main

:: Set one environment variable from registry key
:SetFromReg
    "%WinDir%\System32\Reg" QUERY "%~1" /v "%~2" > "%TEMP%\_envset.tmp" 2>NUL
    for /f "usebackq skip=2 tokens=2,*" %%A IN ("%TEMP%\_envset.tmp") do (
        echo/set %~3=%%B
    )
    goto :EOF

:: Get a list of environment variables from registry
:GetRegEnv
    "%WinDir%\System32\Reg" QUERY "%~1" > "%TEMP%\_envget.tmp"
    for /f "usebackq skip=2" %%A IN ("%TEMP%\_envget.tmp") do (
        if /I not "%%~A"=="Path" (
            call :SetFromReg "%~1" "%%~A" "%%~A"
        )
    )
    goto :EOF

:main
    echo/@echo off >"%TEMP%\_env.cmd"

    :: Slowly generating final file
    call :GetRegEnv "HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment" >> "%TEMP%\_env.cmd"
    call :GetRegEnv "HKCU\Environment">>"%TEMP%\_env.cmd" >> "%TEMP%\_env.cmd"

    :: Special handling for PATH - mix both User and System
    call :SetFromReg "HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment" Path Path_HKLM >> "%TEMP%\_env.cmd"
    call :SetFromReg "HKCU\Environment" Path Path_HKCU >> "%TEMP%\_env.cmd"

    :: Caution: do not insert space-chars before >> redirection sign
    echo/set Path=%%Path_HKLM%%;%%Path_HKCU%% >> "%TEMP%\_env.cmd"

    :: Cleanup
    del /f /q "%TEMP%\_envset.tmp" 2>nul
    del /f /q "%TEMP%\_envget.tmp" 2>nul

    :: Set these variables
    call "%TEMP%\_env.cmd"

    echo | set /p dummy="Done"
    echo .

在Windows 7/8/10上,你可以安装Chocolatey,它有一个内置的脚本.

安装Chocolatey后,只需输入不带引号的"refreshenv".

根据设计,Windows 没有内置机制将环境变量add/change/remove传播到已经运行的cmd.exe,可以是另一个cmd.exe,也可以是"我的电脑 - >属性 - >高级设置 - >环境变量".

如果在现有打开命令提示符的范围之外修改或添加新环境变量,则需要重新启动命令提示符,或者在现有命令提示符中使用SET手动添加.

在最新接受的答案显示了手动刷新局部变通的所有环境变量的脚本.该脚本在"我的电脑...环境变量"中处理全局更改环境变量的用例,但如果在一个cmd.exe中更改了环境变量,则脚本不会将其传播到另一个正在运行的cmd.exe.

在找到更简单的解决方案之前,我遇到了这个答案.

只需explorer.exe在任务管理器中重启

我没有测试,但您可能还需要重新打开命令提示符.

感谢蒂莫Huovinen这里:节点无法识别,虽然安装成功(如果这帮助了你,请去给这人的评论信用).

这适用于Windows 7: SET PATH=%PATH%;C:\CmdShortcuts

通过键入echo%PATH%进行测试,它运行良好.还设置如果你打开一个新的cmd,不再需要那些讨厌的重新启动:)

使用"setx"并重新启动cmd提示符

此作业有一个名为" setx " 的命令行工具.它用于读取和写入 env变量.命令窗口关闭后,变量仍然存在.

它"在用户或系统环境中创建或修改环境变量,无需编程或编写脚本.setx命令还检索注册表项的值并将它们写入文本文件."

注意:此工具创建或修改的变量将在以后的命令窗口中可用,但在当前的CMD.exe命令窗口中不可用.所以,你必须重新启动.

如果setx遗失:

http://download.microsoft.com/download/win2000platform/setx/1.00.0.1/nt5/en-us/setx_setup.exe

或者修改注册表

MSDN说:

若要以编程方式添加或修改系统环境变量,将它们添加到 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment注册表项,然后广播WM_SETTINGCHANGE 消息,并将lParam设置为字符串" Environment ".

这允许应用程序(如shell)获取更新.

调用此函数对我有用:

VOID Win32ForceSettingsChange()
{
    DWORD dwReturnValue;
    ::SendMessageTimeout(HWND_BROADCAST, WM_SETTINGCHANGE, 0, (LPARAM) "Environment", SMTO_ABORTIFHUNG, 5000, &dwReturnValue);
}

我想出的最好的方法是只进行注册表查询.这是我的例子.

在我的示例中,我使用添加了新环境变量的Batch文件进行了安装.我需要在安装完成后立即执行此操作,但无法使用这些新变量生成新进程.我测试了产生另一个浏览器窗口并回调cmd.exe并且这有效但是在Vista和Windows 7上,资源管理器仅作为单个实例运行,并且通常作为登录的人运行.这将自动失败,因为我需要我的管理员信誉无论是从本地系统运行还是作为管理员运行,都可以执行操作.对此的限制是它不处理像path这样的东西,这只适用于简单的环境变量.这允许我使用批处理来到目录(带空格)并复制文件运行.exes等.这是今天从stackoverflow.com上的may资源写的.

原始批次调用新批次:

testenvget.cmd SDROOT(或任何变量)

@ECHO OFF
setlocal ENABLEEXTENSIONS
set keyname=HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment
set value=%1
SET ERRKEY=0

REG QUERY "%KEYNAME%" /v "%VALUE%" 2>NUL| FIND /I "%VALUE%"
IF %ERRORLEVEL% EQU 0 (
ECHO The Registry Key Exists 
) ELSE (
SET ERRKEY=1
Echo The Registry Key Does not Exist
)

Echo %ERRKEY%
IF %ERRKEY% EQU 1 GOTO :ERROR

FOR /F "tokens=1-7" %%A IN ('REG QUERY "%KEYNAME%" /v "%VALUE%" 2^>NUL^| FIND /I "%VALUE%"') DO (
ECHO %%A
ECHO %%B
ECHO %%C
ECHO %%D
ECHO %%E
ECHO %%F
ECHO %%G
SET ValueName=%%A
SET ValueType=%%B
SET C1=%%C
SET C2=%%D
SET C3=%%E
SET C4=%%F
SET C5=%%G
)

SET VALUE1=%C1% %C2% %C3% %C4% %C5%
echo The Value of %VALUE% is %C1% %C2% %C3% %C4% %C5%
cd /d "%VALUE1%"
pause
REM **RUN Extra Commands here**
GOTO :EOF

:ERROR
Echo The the Enviroment Variable does not exist.
pause
GOTO :EOF

还有另一种方法,我从各种不同的想法中提出.请看下面.这基本上会从注册表获取最新的路径变量但是,这将导致一些问题,因为注册表查询本身会给出变量,这意味着每个地方都有一个变量,这将无法工作,所以要解决这个问题我基本上加倍了路径.非常讨厌.更多的方法是:Set Path =%Path%; C:\ Program Files\Software .... \

无论这里是新的批处理文件,请谨慎使用.

@ECHO OFF
SETLOCAL ENABLEEXTENSIONS
set org=%PATH%
for /f "tokens=2*" %%A in ('REG QUERY "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment" /v Path ^|FIND /I "Path"') DO (
SET path=%%B
)
SET PATH=%org%;%PATH%
set path

可以通过在指定进程本身内覆盖环境表来完成此操作.

作为概念验证,我编写了这个示例应用程序,它只是在cmd.exe进程中编辑了一个(已知的)环境变量:

typedef DWORD (__stdcall *NtQueryInformationProcessPtr)(HANDLE, DWORD, PVOID, ULONG, PULONG);

int __cdecl main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    HMODULE hNtDll = GetModuleHandleA("ntdll.dll");
    NtQueryInformationProcessPtr NtQueryInformationProcess = (NtQueryInformationProcessPtr)GetProcAddress(hNtDll, "NtQueryInformationProcess");

    int processId = atoi(argv[1]);
    printf("Target PID: %u\n", processId);

    // open the process with read+write access
    HANDLE hProcess = OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION | PROCESS_VM_READ | PROCESS_VM_WRITE | PROCESS_VM_OPERATION, 0, processId);
    if(hProcess == NULL)
    {
        printf("Error opening process (%u)\n", GetLastError());
        return 0;
    }

    // find the location of the PEB
    PROCESS_BASIC_INFORMATION pbi = {0};
    NTSTATUS status = NtQueryInformationProcess(hProcess, ProcessBasicInformation, &pbi, sizeof(pbi), NULL);
    if(status != 0)
    {
        printf("Error ProcessBasicInformation (0x%8X)\n", status);
    }
    printf("PEB: %p\n", pbi.PebBaseAddress);

    // find the process parameters
    char *processParamsOffset = (char*)pbi.PebBaseAddress + 0x20; // hard coded offset for x64 apps
    char *processParameters = NULL;
    if(ReadProcessMemory(hProcess, processParamsOffset, &processParameters, sizeof(processParameters), NULL))
    {
        printf("UserProcessParameters: %p\n", processParameters);
    }
    else
    {
        printf("Error ReadProcessMemory (%u)\n", GetLastError());
    }

    // find the address to the environment table
    char *environmentOffset = processParameters + 0x80; // hard coded offset for x64 apps
    char *environment = NULL;
    ReadProcessMemory(hProcess, environmentOffset, &environment, sizeof(environment), NULL);
    printf("environment: %p\n", environment);

    // copy the environment table into our own memory for scanning
    wchar_t *localEnvBlock = new wchar_t[64*1024];
    ReadProcessMemory(hProcess, environment, localEnvBlock, sizeof(wchar_t)*64*1024, NULL);

    // find the variable to edit
    wchar_t *found = NULL;
    wchar_t *varOffset = localEnvBlock;
    while(varOffset < localEnvBlock + 64*1024)
    {
        if(varOffset[0] == '\0')
        {
            // we reached the end
            break;
        }
        if(wcsncmp(varOffset, L"ENVTEST=", 8) == 0)
        {
            found = varOffset;
            break;
        }
        varOffset += wcslen(varOffset)+1;
    }

    // check to see if we found one
    if(found)
    {
        size_t offset = (found - localEnvBlock) * sizeof(wchar_t);
        printf("Offset: %Iu\n", offset);

        // write a new version (if the size of the value changes then we have to rewrite the entire block)
        if(!WriteProcessMemory(hProcess, environment + offset, L"ENVTEST=def", 12*sizeof(wchar_t), NULL))
        {
            printf("Error WriteProcessMemory (%u)\n", GetLastError());
        }
    }

    // cleanup
    delete[] localEnvBlock;
    CloseHandle(hProcess);

    return 0;
}

>set ENVTEST=abc

>cppTest.exe 13796
Target PID: 13796
PEB: 000007FFFFFD3000
UserProcessParameters: 00000000004B2F30
environment: 000000000052E700
Offset: 1528

>set ENVTEST
ENVTEST=def

    @echo off

    REM This solution requests elevation in order to read from the registry.

    if exist %temp%\env.reg del %temp%\env.reg /q /f

    REGEDIT /E %temp%\env.reg "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\Session Manager\Environment"

    if not exist %temp%\env.reg (
       echo "Unable to write registry to temp location"
       exit 1
       )

    SETLOCAL EnableDelayedExpansion

    for /f "tokens=1,2* delims==" %%i in ('type %temp%\env.reg ^| findstr -c:\"Path\"=') do (
       set upath=%%~j
       echo !upath:\\=\! >%temp%\newpath
       )

     ENDLOCAL

     for /f "tokens=*" %%i in (%temp%\newpath) do set path=%%i

PATH=(VARIABLE);%path%

PATH