通过HTTPS/SSL的Java客户端证书

我正在使用Java 6,并尝试HttpsURLConnection使用客户端证书创建针对远程服务器.
服务器使用自签名根证书,并要求提供受密码保护的客户端证书.我已将服务器根证书和客户端证书添加到我在/System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/1.6.0/Home/lib/security/cacerts(OSX 10.5)中找到的默认java密钥库中.密钥库文件的名称似乎表明客户端证书不应该进入那里？

无论如何,将根证书添加到这个商店解决了臭名昭着的问题 javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed' problem.

但是,我现在仍然坚持如何使用客户端证书.我尝试了两种方法,并没有让我到任何地方.
首先,首选,尝试:

SSLSocketFactory sslsocketfactory = (SSLSocketFactory) SSLSocketFactory.getDefault();
URL url = new URL("https://somehost.dk:3049");
HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection)url.openConnection();
conn.setSSLSocketFactory(sslsocketfactory);
InputStream inputstream = conn.getInputStream();
// The last line fails, and gives:
// javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: Received fatal alert: handshake_failure

我试过跳过HttpsURLConnection类(不理想,因为我想与服务器谈论HTTP),而是这样做:

SSLSocketFactory sslsocketfactory = (SSLSocketFactory) SSLSocketFactory.getDefault();
SSLSocket sslsocket = (SSLSocket) sslsocketfactory.createSocket("somehost.dk", 3049);
InputStream inputstream = sslsocket.getInputStream();
// do anything with the inputstream results in:
// java.net.SocketTimeoutException: Read timed out

我甚至不确定客户端证书是否存在问题.

1> Jan..：

---

终于解决了它;).在这里得到了强烈的暗示(Gandalfs的回答也有点触及).丢失的链接(大部分)是下面的第一个参数,在某种程度上,我忽略了密钥库和信任商店之间的区别.

必须将自签名服务器证书导入信任库:

keytool -import -alias gridserver -file gridserver.crt -storepass $ PASS -keystore gridserver.keystore

需要设置这些属性(在命令行或代码中):

-Djavax.net.ssl.keyStoreType=pkcs12
-Djavax.net.ssl.trustStoreType=jks
-Djavax.net.ssl.keyStore=clientcertificate.p12
-Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=gridserver.keystore
-Djavax.net.debug=ssl # very verbose debug
-Djavax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword=$PASS
-Djavax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword=$PASS

工作示例代码:

SSLSocketFactory sslsocketfactory = (SSLSocketFactory) SSLSocketFactory.getDefault();
URL url = new URL("https://gridserver:3049/cgi-bin/ls.py");
HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection)url.openConnection();
conn.setSSLSocketFactory(sslsocketfactory);
InputStream inputstream = conn.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader inputstreamreader = new InputStreamReader(inputstream);
BufferedReader bufferedreader = new BufferedReader(inputstreamreader);

String string = null;
while ((string = bufferedreader.readLine()) != null) {
    System.out.println("Received " + string);
}

2> neu242..：

---

虽然不推荐,但您也可以完全禁用SSL证书验证:

import javax.net.ssl.*;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;

public class SSLTool {

  public static void disableCertificateValidation() {
    // Create a trust manager that does not validate certificate chains
    TrustManager[] trustAllCerts = new TrustManager[] { 
      new X509TrustManager() {
        public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() { 
          return new X509Certificate[0]; 
        }
        public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] certs, String authType) {}
        public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] certs, String authType) {}
    }};

    // Ignore differences between given hostname and certificate hostname
    HostnameVerifier hv = new HostnameVerifier() {
      public boolean verify(String hostname, SSLSession session) { return true; }
    };

    // Install the all-trusting trust manager
    try {
      SSLContext sc = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL");
      sc.init(null, trustAllCerts, new SecureRandom());
      HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultSSLSocketFactory(sc.getSocketFactory());
      HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier(hv);
    } catch (Exception e) {}
  }
}

---

应该注意的是,禁用这样的证书验证会打开与可能的MITM攻击的连接:**不要在生产中使用**.

---

@ neu242,不,它并不真正取决于你使用它的原因.如果你想使用SSL/TLS,你想要保护你的连接免受MITM攻击,这就是重点.如果您可以保证没有人能够改变流量,则不需要服务器身份验证,但是您怀疑可能存在无法改变网络流量的窃听者的情况也很少见.

---

谢天谢地,代码无法编译.这种"解决方案"根本不安全.

3> Gandalf..：

---

您是否设置了KeyStore和/或TrustStore系统属性？

java -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStore=pathToKeystore -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword=123456

或者来自代码

System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.keyStore", pathToKeyStore);

与javax.net.ssl.trustStore相同

4> Mark Meuer..：

---

如果您正在使用Axis框架处理Web服务调用,则有一个更简单的答案.如果您的客户端都希望能够调用SSL Web服务并忽略SSL证书错误,那么只需在调用任何Web服务之前放置此语句:

System.setProperty("axis.socketSecureFactory", "org.apache.axis.components.net.SunFakeTrustSocketFactory");

通常的免责声明适用于在生产环境中做的非常糟糕的事情.

我在Axis维基上找到了这个.

---

我明白.在一般情况下,我并不打算暗示我的答案更好.只是如果您*使用Axis框架,您可能在该上下文中有OP的问题.(这就是我首先发现这个问题的方法.)在这种情况下,我提供的方式更简单.

5> EpicPandaFor..：

---

对我来说,这是使用Apache HttpComponents~HttpClient 4.x的方法:

    KeyStore keyStore  = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
    FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(new File("client-p12-keystore.p12"));
    try {
        keyStore.load(instream, "helloworld".toCharArray());
    } finally {
        instream.close();
    }

    // Trust own CA and all self-signed certs
    SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.custom()
        .loadKeyMaterial(keyStore, "helloworld".toCharArray())
        //.loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy()) //custom trust store
        .build();
    // Allow TLSv1 protocol only
    SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(
        sslcontext,
        new String[] { "TLSv1" },
        null,
        SSLConnectionSocketFactory.ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER); //TODO
    CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.custom()
        .setHostnameVerifier(SSLConnectionSocketFactory.ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER) //TODO
        .setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf)
        .build();
    try {

        HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://localhost:8443/secure/index");

        System.out.println("executing request" + httpget.getRequestLine());

        CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
        try {
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();

            System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
            System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
            if (entity != null) {
                System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
            }
            EntityUtils.consume(entity);
        } finally {
            response.close();
        }
    } finally {
        httpclient.close();
    }

P12文件包含使用BouncyCastle创建的客户端证书和客户端私钥:

public static byte[] convertPEMToPKCS12(final String keyFile, final String cerFile,
    final String password)
    throws IOException, CertificateException, KeyStoreException, NoSuchAlgorithmException,
    NoSuchProviderException
{
    // Get the private key
    FileReader reader = new FileReader(keyFile);

    PEMParser pem = new PEMParser(reader);
    PEMKeyPair pemKeyPair = ((PEMKeyPair)pem.readObject());
    JcaPEMKeyConverter jcaPEMKeyConverter = new JcaPEMKeyConverter().setProvider("BC");
    KeyPair keyPair = jcaPEMKeyConverter.getKeyPair(pemKeyPair);

    PrivateKey key = keyPair.getPrivate();

    pem.close();
    reader.close();

    // Get the certificate
    reader = new FileReader(cerFile);
    pem = new PEMParser(reader);

    X509CertificateHolder certHolder = (X509CertificateHolder) pem.readObject();
    java.security.cert.Certificate x509Certificate =
        new JcaX509CertificateConverter().setProvider("BC")
            .getCertificate(certHolder);

    pem.close();
    reader.close();

    // Put them into a PKCS12 keystore and write it to a byte[]
    ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12", "BC");
    ks.load(null);
    ks.setKeyEntry("key-alias", (Key) key, password.toCharArray(),
        new java.security.cert.Certificate[]{x509Certificate});
    ks.store(bos, password.toCharArray());
    bos.close();
    return bos.toByteArray();
}