我需要创建一些Windows服务,每隔N段执行一次.
问题是:
我应该使用哪个定时器控件:System.Timers.Timer
或者System.Threading.Timer
一个?它对某些事物有影响吗?
我问,因为我听到许多证据表明System.Timers.Timer
Windows服务中的工作不正确.
谢谢.
双方System.Timers.Timer
并System.Threading.Timer
会为服务工作.
您想要避免的计时器是System.Web.UI.Timer
和System.Windows.Forms.Timer
,分别用于ASP应用程序和WinForms.使用这些将导致服务加载一个额外的程序集,这对于您正在构建的应用程序类型并不是真正需要的.
使用System.Timers.Timer
如下例子(同样,确保使用类级别变量来防止垃圾收集,如Tim Robinson的回答所述):
using System; using System.Timers; public class Timer1 { private static System.Timers.Timer aTimer; public static void Main() { // Normally, the timer is declared at the class level, // so that it stays in scope as long as it is needed. // If the timer is declared in a long-running method, // KeepAlive must be used to prevent the JIT compiler // from allowing aggressive garbage collection to occur // before the method ends. (See end of method.) //System.Timers.Timer aTimer; // Create a timer with a ten second interval. aTimer = new System.Timers.Timer(10000); // Hook up the Elapsed event for the timer. aTimer.Elapsed += new ElapsedEventHandler(OnTimedEvent); // Set the Interval to 2 seconds (2000 milliseconds). aTimer.Interval = 2000; aTimer.Enabled = true; Console.WriteLine("Press the Enter key to exit the program."); Console.ReadLine(); // If the timer is declared in a long-running method, use // KeepAlive to prevent garbage collection from occurring // before the method ends. //GC.KeepAlive(aTimer); } // Specify what you want to happen when the Elapsed event is // raised. private static void OnTimedEvent(object source, ElapsedEventArgs e) { Console.WriteLine("The Elapsed event was raised at {0}", e.SignalTime); } } /* This code example produces output similar to the following: Press the Enter key to exit the program. The Elapsed event was raised at 5/20/2007 8:42:27 PM The Elapsed event was raised at 5/20/2007 8:42:29 PM The Elapsed event was raised at 5/20/2007 8:42:31 PM ... */
如果您选择System.Threading.Timer
,您可以使用如下:
using System; using System.Threading; class TimerExample { static void Main() { AutoResetEvent autoEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false); StatusChecker statusChecker = new StatusChecker(10); // Create the delegate that invokes methods for the timer. TimerCallback timerDelegate = new TimerCallback(statusChecker.CheckStatus); // Create a timer that signals the delegate to invoke // CheckStatus after one second, and every 1/4 second // thereafter. Console.WriteLine("{0} Creating timer.\n", DateTime.Now.ToString("h:mm:ss.fff")); Timer stateTimer = new Timer(timerDelegate, autoEvent, 1000, 250); // When autoEvent signals, change the period to every // 1/2 second. autoEvent.WaitOne(5000, false); stateTimer.Change(0, 500); Console.WriteLine("\nChanging period.\n"); // When autoEvent signals the second time, dispose of // the timer. autoEvent.WaitOne(5000, false); stateTimer.Dispose(); Console.WriteLine("\nDestroying timer."); } } class StatusChecker { int invokeCount, maxCount; public StatusChecker(int count) { invokeCount = 0; maxCount = count; } // This method is called by the timer delegate. public void CheckStatus(Object stateInfo) { AutoResetEvent autoEvent = (AutoResetEvent)stateInfo; Console.WriteLine("{0} Checking status {1,2}.", DateTime.Now.ToString("h:mm:ss.fff"), (++invokeCount).ToString()); if(invokeCount == maxCount) { // Reset the counter and signal Main. invokeCount = 0; autoEvent.Set(); } } }
这两个示例都来自MSDN页面.
不要为此使用服务.创建一个普通的应用程序并创建一个计划任务来运行它.
这是最常见的最佳做法. Jon Galloway同意我的看法.或者也许是相反的方式. 无论哪种方式,事实是创建一个Windows服务来执行从计时器运行的间歇性任务不是最好的做法.
"如果您正在编写运行计时器的Windows服务,则应重新评估您的解决方案."
-Jon Galloway,ASP.NET MVC社区项目经理,作者,兼职超级英雄
任何一个都应该工作正常.实际上,System.Threading.Timer在内部使用System.Timers.Timer.
话虽如此,很容易误用System.Timers.Timer.如果你没有将Timer对象存储在某个变量中,那么它很容易被垃圾收集.如果发生这种情况,您的计时器将不再发射.调用Dispose方法来停止计时器,或使用System.Threading.Timer类,这是一个稍好的包装器.
到目前为止你看到了什么问题?