是否有一个库将以递归方式转储/打印对象属性？我正在寻找类似于Firebug中的console.dir()函数的东西.
我知道commons-lang ReflectionToStringBuilder但它没有递归到一个对象.即,如果我运行以下内容:
public class ToString {
public static void main(String [] args) {
System.out.println(ReflectionToStringBuilder.toString(new Outer(), ToStringStyle.MULTI_LINE_STYLE));
}
private static class Outer {
private int intValue = 5;
private Inner innerValue = new Inner();
}
private static class Inner {
private String stringValue = "foo";
}
}
我收到:
ToString $ Outer @ 1b67f74 [intValue = 5
innerValue = ToString $ Inner @ 530daa]
我意识到在我的例子中,我可以覆盖Inner的toString()方法,但在现实世界中,我正在处理我无法修改的外部对象.
你可以试试XStream.
XStream xstream = new XStream(new Sun14ReflectionProvider(
new FieldDictionary(new ImmutableFieldKeySorter())),
new DomDriver("utf-8"));
System.out.println(xstream.toXML(new Outer()));
打印出来:
5 foo
您也可以输出JSON
并注意循环引用;)
我尝试使用最初建议的XStream,但事实证明我想要转储的对象图包含一个引用回XStream marshaller本身,它没有太好心(为什么它必须抛出异常而不是忽略它或记录一个很好的警告,我不确定.)
然后我尝试了上面的user519500的代码,但发现我需要一些调整.这是一个可以滚动到项目中的类,它提供以下额外功能:
可以控制最大递归深度
可以限制数组元素的输出
可以忽略任何类,字段或类+字段组合的列表 - 只需传递一个数组,其中包含任何类名组合,用冒号分隔的classname + fieldname对,或带冒号前缀的字段名,即: [
不会输出相同的对象两次(输出指示先前访问过对象并提供相关的哈希码) - 这可以避免循环引用导致问题
您可以使用以下两种方法之一调用此方法:
String dump = Dumper.dump(myObject);
String dump = Dumper.dump(myObject, maxDepth, maxArrayElements, ignoreList);
如上所述,您需要注意堆栈溢出,因此请使用最大递归深度工具来最小化风险.
希望有人会觉得这很有用!
package com.mycompany.myproject;
import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.HashMap;
public class Dumper {
private static Dumper instance = new Dumper();
protected static Dumper getInstance() {
return instance;
}
class DumpContext {
int maxDepth = 0;
int maxArrayElements = 0;
int callCount = 0;
HashMap ignoreList = new HashMap();
HashMap visited = new HashMap();
}
public static String dump(Object o) {
return dump(o, 0, 0, null);
}
public static String dump(Object o, int maxDepth, int maxArrayElements, String[] ignoreList) {
DumpContext ctx = Dumper.getInstance().new DumpContext();
ctx.maxDepth = maxDepth;
ctx.maxArrayElements = maxArrayElements;
if (ignoreList != null) {
for (int i = 0; i < Array.getLength(ignoreList); i++) {
int colonIdx = ignoreList[i].indexOf(':');
if (colonIdx == -1)
ignoreList[i] = ignoreList[i] + ":";
ctx.ignoreList.put(ignoreList[i], ignoreList[i]);
}
}
return dump(o, ctx);
}
protected static String dump(Object o, DumpContext ctx) {
if (o == null) {
return "";
}
ctx.callCount++;
StringBuffer tabs = new StringBuffer();
for (int k = 0; k < ctx.callCount; k++) {
tabs.append("\t");
}
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
Class oClass = o.getClass();
String oSimpleName = getSimpleNameWithoutArrayQualifier(oClass);
if (ctx.ignoreList.get(oSimpleName + ":") != null)
return "";
if (oClass.isArray()) {
buffer.append("\n");
buffer.append(tabs.toString().substring(1));
buffer.append("[\n");
int rowCount = ctx.maxArrayElements == 0 ? Array.getLength(o) : Math.min(ctx.maxArrayElements, Array.getLength(o));
for (int i = 0; i < rowCount; i++) {
buffer.append(tabs.toString());
try {
Object value = Array.get(o, i);
buffer.append(dumpValue(value, ctx));
} catch (Exception e) {
buffer.append(e.getMessage());
}
if (i < Array.getLength(o) - 1)
buffer.append(",");
buffer.append("\n");
}
if (rowCount < Array.getLength(o)) {
buffer.append(tabs.toString());
buffer.append(Array.getLength(o) - rowCount + " more array elements...");
buffer.append("\n");
}
buffer.append(tabs.toString().substring(1));
buffer.append("]");
} else {
buffer.append("\n");
buffer.append(tabs.toString().substring(1));
buffer.append("{\n");
buffer.append(tabs.toString());
buffer.append("hashCode: " + o.hashCode());
buffer.append("\n");
while (oClass != null && oClass != Object.class) {
Field[] fields = oClass.getDeclaredFields();
if (ctx.ignoreList.get(oClass.getSimpleName()) == null) {
if (oClass != o.getClass()) {
buffer.append(tabs.toString().substring(1));
buffer.append(" Inherited from superclass " + oSimpleName + ":\n");
}
for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
String fSimpleName = getSimpleNameWithoutArrayQualifier(fields[i].getType());
String fName = fields[i].getName();
fields[i].setAccessible(true);
buffer.append(tabs.toString());
buffer.append(fName + "(" + fSimpleName + ")");
buffer.append("=");
if (ctx.ignoreList.get(":" + fName) == null &&
ctx.ignoreList.get(fSimpleName + ":" + fName) == null &&
ctx.ignoreList.get(fSimpleName + ":") == null) {
try {
Object value = fields[i].get(o);
buffer.append(dumpValue(value, ctx));
} catch (Exception e) {
buffer.append(e.getMessage());
}
buffer.append("\n");
}
else {
buffer.append("");
buffer.append("\n");
}
}
oClass = oClass.getSuperclass();
oSimpleName = oClass.getSimpleName();
}
else {
oClass = null;
oSimpleName = "";
}
}
buffer.append(tabs.toString().substring(1));
buffer.append("}");
}
ctx.callCount--;
return buffer.toString();
}
protected static String dumpValue(Object value, DumpContext ctx) {
if (value == null) {
return "";
}
if (value.getClass().isPrimitive() ||
value.getClass() == java.lang.Short.class ||
value.getClass() == java.lang.Long.class ||
value.getClass() == java.lang.String.class ||
value.getClass() == java.lang.Integer.class ||
value.getClass() == java.lang.Float.class ||
value.getClass() == java.lang.Byte.class ||
value.getClass() == java.lang.Character.class ||
value.getClass() == java.lang.Double.class ||
value.getClass() == java.lang.Boolean.class ||
value.getClass() == java.util.Date.class ||
value.getClass().isEnum()) {
return value.toString();
} else {
Integer visitedIndex = ctx.visited.get(value);
if (visitedIndex == null) {
ctx.visited.put(value, ctx.callCount);
if (ctx.maxDepth == 0 || ctx.callCount < ctx.maxDepth) {
return dump(value, ctx);
}
else {
return "";
}
}
else {
return "";
}
}
}
private static String getSimpleNameWithoutArrayQualifier(Class clazz) {
String simpleName = clazz.getSimpleName();
int indexOfBracket = simpleName.indexOf('[');
if (indexOfBracket != -1)
return simpleName.substring(0, indexOfBracket);
return simpleName;
}
}
您可以将ReflectionToStringBuilder与自定义ToStringStyle一起使用,例如:
class MyStyle extends ToStringStyle {
private final static ToStringStyle instance = new MyStyle();
public MyStyle() {
setArrayContentDetail(true);
setUseShortClassName(true);
setUseClassName(false);
setUseIdentityHashCode(false);
setFieldSeparator(", " + SystemUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR + " ");
}
public static ToStringStyle getInstance() {
return instance;
};
@Override
public void appendDetail(StringBuffer buffer, String fieldName, Object value) {
if (!value.getClass().getName().startsWith("java")) {
buffer.append(ReflectionToStringBuilder.toString(value, instance));
} else {
super.appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, value);
}
}
@Override
public void appendDetail(StringBuffer buffer, String fieldName, Collection value) {
appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, value.toArray());
}
}
然后你调用它像:
ReflectionToStringBuilder.toString(value, MyStyle.getInstance());
但要注意循环引用!
您也可以使用json-lib(http://json-lib.sourceforge.net)并执行以下操作:
JSONObject.fromObject(value);
这将打印出对象的所有字段(包括对象数组).
Ben Williams的固定版本来自这个帖子
注意:此方法使用递归,因此如果您有一个非常深的对象图,您可能会得到堆栈溢出(没有双关语;)因此您需要使用VM参数-Xss10m.如果你使用eclipse将它放入run> runconfiguration> augments(tab)VM扩充框并按下apply
import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
public static String dump(Object o) {
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
Class oClass = o.getClass();
if (oClass.isArray()) {
buffer.append("Array: ");
buffer.append("[");
for (int i = 0; i < Array.getLength(o); i++) {
Object value = Array.get(o, i);
if (value.getClass().isPrimitive() ||
value.getClass() == java.lang.Long.class ||
value.getClass() == java.lang.Integer.class ||
value.getClass() == java.lang.Boolean.class ||
value.getClass() == java.lang.String.class ||
value.getClass() == java.lang.Double.class ||
value.getClass() == java.lang.Short.class ||
value.getClass() == java.lang.Byte.class
) {
buffer.append(value);
if(i != (Array.getLength(o)-1)) buffer.append(",");
} else {
buffer.append(dump(value));
}
}
buffer.append("]\n");
} else {
buffer.append("Class: " + oClass.getName());
buffer.append("{\n");
while (oClass != null) {
Field[] fields = oClass.getDeclaredFields();
for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
fields[i].setAccessible(true);
buffer.append(fields[i].getName());
buffer.append("=");
try {
Object value = fields[i].get(o);
if (value != null) {
if (value.getClass().isPrimitive() ||
value.getClass() == java.lang.Long.class ||
value.getClass() == java.lang.String.class ||
value.getClass() == java.lang.Integer.class ||
value.getClass() == java.lang.Boolean.class ||
value.getClass() == java.lang.Double.class ||
value.getClass() == java.lang.Short.class ||
value.getClass() == java.lang.Byte.class
) {
buffer.append(value);
} else {
buffer.append(dump(value));
}
}
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
buffer.append(e.getMessage());
}
buffer.append("\n");
}
oClass = oClass.getSuperclass();
}
buffer.append("}\n");
}
return buffer.toString();
}
我想要一个优雅的解决方案来解决这个问题:
不使用任何外部库
使用Reflection来访问字段,包括超类字段
使用递归遍历Object-graph,每次调用只有一个堆栈帧
使用IdentityHashMap处理向后引用并避免无限递归
适当地处理原语,自动装箱,CharSequences,枚举和空值
允许您选择是否解析静态字段
很简单,可以根据格式首选项进行修改
我写了以下实用程序类:
import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.util.IdentityHashMap;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.TreeMap;
/**
* Utility class to dump {@code Object}s to string using reflection and recursion.
*/
public class StringDump {
/**
* Uses reflection and recursion to dump the contents of the given object using a custom, JSON-like notation (but not JSON). Does not format static fields.
* @see #dump(Object, boolean, IdentityHashMap, int)
* @param object the {@code Object} to dump using reflection and recursion
* @return a custom-formatted string representing the internal values of the parsed object
*/
public static String dump(Object object) {
return dump(object, false, new IdentityHashMap(), 0);
}
/**
* Uses reflection and recursion to dump the contents of the given object using a custom, JSON-like notation (but not JSON).
* Parses all fields of the runtime class including super class fields, which are successively prefixed with "{@code super.}" at each level.
* {@code Number}s, {@code enum}s, and {@code null} references are formatted using the standard {@link String#valueOf()} method.
* {@code CharSequences}s are wrapped with quotes.
* The recursive call invokes only one method on each recursive call, so limit of the object-graph depth is one-to-one with the stack overflow limit.
* Backwards references are tracked using a "visitor map" which is an instance of {@link IdentityHashMap}.
* When an existing object reference is encountered the {@code "sysId"} is printed and the recursion ends.
*
* @param object the {@code Object} to dump using reflection and recursion
* @param isIncludingStatics {@code true} if {@code static} fields should be dumped, {@code false} to skip them
* @return a custom-formatted string representing the internal values of the parsed object
*/
public static String dump(Object object, boolean isIncludingStatics) {
return dump(object, isIncludingStatics, new IdentityHashMap(), 0);
}
private static String dump(Object object, boolean isIncludingStatics, IdentityHashMap visitorMap, int tabCount) {
if (object == null ||
object instanceof Number || object instanceof Character || object instanceof Boolean ||
object.getClass().isPrimitive() || object.getClass().isEnum()) {
return String.valueOf(object);
}
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
int sysId = System.identityHashCode(object);
if (object instanceof CharSequence) {
builder.append("\"").append(object).append("\"");
}
else if (visitorMap.containsKey(object)) {
builder.append("(sysId#").append(sysId).append(")");
}
else {
visitorMap.put(object, object);
StringBuilder tabs = new StringBuilder();
for (int t = 0; t < tabCount; t++) {
tabs.append("\t");
}
if (object.getClass().isArray()) {
builder.append("[").append(object.getClass().getName()).append(":sysId#").append(sysId);
int length = Array.getLength(object);
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
Object arrayObject = Array.get(object, i);
String dump = dump(arrayObject, isIncludingStatics, visitorMap, tabCount + 1);
builder.append("\n\t").append(tabs).append("\"").append(i).append("\":").append(dump);
}
builder.append(length == 0 ? "" : "\n").append(length == 0 ? "" : tabs).append("]");
}
else {
// enumerate the desired fields of the object before accessing
TreeMap fieldMap = new TreeMap(); // can modify this to change or omit the sort order
StringBuilder superPrefix = new StringBuilder();
for (Class clazz = object.getClass(); clazz != null && !clazz.equals(Object.class); clazz = clazz.getSuperclass()) {
Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
Field field = fields[i];
if (isIncludingStatics || !Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers())) {
fieldMap.put(superPrefix + field.getName(), field);
}
}
superPrefix.append("super.");
}
builder.append("{").append(object.getClass().getName()).append(":sysId#").append(sysId);
for (Entry entry : fieldMap.entrySet()) {
String name = entry.getKey();
Field field = entry.getValue();
String dump;
try {
boolean wasAccessible = field.isAccessible();
field.setAccessible(true);
Object fieldObject = field.get(object);
field.setAccessible(wasAccessible); // the accessibility flag should be restored to its prior ClassLoader state
dump = dump(fieldObject, isIncludingStatics, visitorMap, tabCount + 1);
}
catch (Throwable e) {
dump = "!" + e.getClass().getName() + ":" + e.getMessage();
}
builder.append("\n\t").append(tabs).append("\"").append(name).append("\":").append(dump);
}
builder.append(fieldMap.isEmpty() ? "" : "\n").append(fieldMap.isEmpty() ? "" : tabs).append("}");
}
}
return builder.toString();
}
}
我在很多课上测试过,对我来说这非常有效.例如,尝试使用它来转储主线程:
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
System.out.println(dump(Thread.currentThread()));
}
编辑
自写这篇文章以来,我有理由创建这个算法的迭代版本.递归版本的深度受到总堆栈帧的限制,但您可能有理由转储极大的对象图.为了处理我的情况,我修改了算法以使用堆栈数据结构代替运行时堆栈.此版本具有时间效率,并受堆大小而非堆栈帧深度的限制.
您可以在此处下载并使用迭代版本.
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