我正在尝试使用路由实现本地化
我有以下内容:
routes.MapRoute( "DefaultLocalized", "{lang}/{controller}/{action}/{id}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = "", lang = "en" } ); routes.MapRoute( "Default", "{controller}/{action}/{id}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = "" } );
当我调用我的页面时domain/en/home/index
,它工作正常,但当我打电话时,domain/home/index
我得到错误404:无法找到资源.
此外,当我在domain/en/home/index
我点击一个安全的页面时,我被重定向到domain/Account/login
如何重定向到domain/en/Account/login
?
另外,当我收到应用程序错误时,如何将其重定向到domain/en/home/error
?
真正的问题是如何使用语言作为路由参数实现本地化?
默认情况下,路由将从左到右匹配,因此"domain/home/index"将首先匹配lang = domain,controller = index,action(默认为index),id(默认为0/null).
为了解决这个问题,我相信你可以在MapRoute上指定一个正则表达式(匹配,例如,恰好有两个字符的语言) - 它在某些时候发生了变化,但是......(抱歉,目前没有IDE,所以我可以不准确检查.
从记忆中,它可能是:
routes.MapRoute( "DefaultLocalized", "{lang}/{controller}/{action}/{id}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = "",}, new { lang = "[a-z]{2}" } );
请注意,您可能不希望每个操作都采用"字符串lang",因此您应该在基本控制器或动作过滤器中处理路径的"lang"部分(在任何一种情况下,可能都是将信息添加到ViewData).
我知道这是一个非常古老的问题,但只需解决一整套相关问题,我想我会分享我的解决方案.
下面是一个完整的解决方案,包括一些额外的技巧,可以轻松更改语言.它允许特定的文化,而不仅仅是特定的语言(但在本例中只保留语言部分).
在确定语言时回退到浏览器区域设置
使用cookie来保持访问语言
用url覆盖语言
支持通过链接更改语言(例如简单的菜单选项)
这个新路由包括一个约束(正如其他人也建议的那样),以确保语言路由不会获取某些标准路径.不需要默认语言值,因为它都由(由LocalisationAttribute
步骤2)处理.
public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes) { ... // Special localisation route mapping - expects specific language/culture code as first param routes.MapRoute( name: "Localisation", url: "{lang}/{controller}/{action}/{id}", defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, constraints: new { lang = @"[a-z]{2}|[a-z]{2}-[a-zA-Z]{2}" } ); // Default routing routes.MapRoute( name: "Default", url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}", defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } ); }
这将在处理控制器请求之前查看它们,并根据URL,cookie或默认浏览器文化更改当前区域性.
// Based on: http://geekswithblogs.net/shaunxu/archive/2010/05/06/localization-in-asp.net-mvc-ndash-3-days-investigation-1-day.aspx public class LocalisationAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute { public const string LangParam = "lang"; public const string CookieName = "mydomain.CurrentUICulture"; // List of allowed languages in this app (to speed up check) private const string Cultures = "en-GB en-US de-DE fr-FR es-ES ro-RO "; public override void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext filterContext) { // Try getting culture from URL first var culture = (string)filterContext.RouteData.Values[LangParam]; // If not provided, or the culture does not match the list of known cultures, try cookie or browser setting if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(culture) || !Cultures.Contains(culture)) { // load the culture info from the cookie var cookie = filterContext.HttpContext.Request.Cookies[CookieName]; var langHeader = string.Empty; if (cookie != null) { // set the culture by the cookie content culture = cookie.Value; } else { // set the culture by the location if not specified - default to English for bots culture = filterContext.HttpContext.Request.UserLanguages == null ? "en-EN" : filterContext.HttpContext.Request.UserLanguages[0]; } // set the lang value into route data filterContext.RouteData.Values[LangParam] = langHeader; } // Keep the part up to the "-" as the primary language var language = culture.Split(new char[] { '-' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries)[0]; filterContext.RouteData.Values[LangParam] = language; // Set the language - ignore specific culture for now Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = CultureInfo.CreateSpecificCulture(language); // save the locale into cookie (full locale) HttpCookie _cookie = new HttpCookie(CookieName, culture); _cookie.Expires = DateTime.Now.AddYears(1); filterContext.HttpContext.Response.SetCookie(_cookie); // Pass on to normal controller processing base.OnActionExecuting(filterContext); } }
例如
[Localisation] <<< ADD THIS TO ALL CONTROLLERS (OR A BASE CONTROLLER) public class AccountController : Controller {
这是一个有点棘手的地方,需要一些解决方法.
将ChangeLanguage方法添加到您的帐户控制器.这将从"上一个路径"中删除任何现有语言代码,以允许新语言生效.
// Regex to find only the language code part of the URL - language (aa) or locale (aa-AA) syntax static readonly Regex removeLanguage = new Regex(@"/[a-z]{2}/|/[a-z]{2}-[a-zA-Z]{2}/", RegexOptions.Compiled); [AllowAnonymous] public ActionResult ChangeLanguage(string id) { if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(id)) { // Decode the return URL and remove any language selector from it id = Server.UrlDecode(id); id = removeLanguage.Replace(id, @"/"); return Redirect(id); } return Redirect(@"/"); }
菜单选项包含指定为路径参数的新语言的链接.
例如(Razor例子)
返回URl是当前页面,经过编码,以便它可以成为URL的id参数.这意味着您需要启用某些转义序列,否则Razor会拒绝这些转义序列作为潜在的安全违规.
注意:对于非剃刀设置,您基本上需要一个具有新语言的锚点和当前页面相对URL,如下所示:
http://website.com/{language}/account/changelanguage/{existingURL}
{language}
新文化代码在哪里,是{existingURL}
当前相对页面地址的URL编码版本(这样我们将返回同一页面,选择新语言).
返回URL所需的编码意味着您需要启用某些转义字符web.config
,或者现有的URL参数将导致错误.
在你的web.config中,找到httpRuntime
标签(或添加它)
并向其添加以下内容(基本上删除该属性的标准版本中的%):
requestPathInvalidCharacters="<,>,&,:,\,?"
在您的web.config中,找到该
部分并在其中添加以下内容: