有没有一种方法可以批量指定多行字符串,类似于unix shell中的heredoc.类似的东西:
cat <out.txt bla bla .. EOF
我们的想法是从模板文件创建自定义文件.
不是我所知道的.
我最了解的是
> out.txt (
@echo.bla
@echo.bla
...
)
(@防止命令shell本身打印它正在运行的命令,并echo.允许您使用空格开始一行.)
这是另一种方法.
@echo off
:: ######################################################
:: ## Heredoc syntax: ##
:: ## call :heredoc uniqueIDX [>outfile] && goto label ##
:: ## contents ##
:: ## contents ##
:: ## contents ##
:: ## etc. ##
:: ## :label ##
:: ## ##
:: ## Notes: ##
:: ## Variables to be evaluated within the heredoc ##
:: ## should be called in the delayed expansion style ##
:: ## (!var! rather than %var%, for instance). ##
:: ## ##
:: ## Literal exclamation marks (!) and carats (^) ##
:: ## must be escaped with a carat (^). ##
:: ######################################################
:--------------------------------------------
: calling heredoc with results sent to stdout
:--------------------------------------------
call :heredoc stickman && goto next1
\o/
| This is the "stickman" heredoc, echoed to stdout.
/ \
:next1
:-----------------------------------------------------------------
: calling heredoc containing vars with results sent to a text file
:-----------------------------------------------------------------
set bodyText=Hello world!
set lipsum=Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
call :heredoc html >out.txt && goto next2
!bodyText!
!lipsum!
Thus endeth the heredoc. :)
:next2
echo;
echo Does the redirect to a file work? Press any key to type out.txt and find out.
echo;
pause>NUL
type out.txt
del out.txt
:: End of main script
goto :EOF
:: ########################################
:: ## Here's the heredoc processing code ##
:: ########################################
:heredoc
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
set go=
for /f "delims=" %%A in ('findstr /n "^" "%~f0"') do (
set "line=%%A" && set "line=!line:*:=!"
if defined go (if #!line:~1!==#!go::=! (goto :EOF) else echo(!line!)
if "!line:~0,13!"=="call :heredoc" (
for /f "tokens=3 delims=>^ " %%i in ("!line!") do (
if #%%i==#%1 (
for /f "tokens=2 delims=&" %%I in ("!line!") do (
for /f "tokens=2" %%x in ("%%I") do set "go=%%x"
)
)
)
)
)
goto :EOF
示例输出:
C:\Users\oithelp\Desktop>heredoc
\o/
| This is the "stickman" heredoc, echoed to stdout.
/ \
Does the redirect to a file work? Press any key to type out.txt and find out.
Hello world!
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Thus endeth the heredoc. :)
是的,很有可能.^是文字转义字符,只需将它放在换行符之前.在这个例子中,我还添加了额外的换行符,以便在文件中正确打印:
@echo off echo foo ^ this is ^ a multiline ^ echo > out.txt
输出:
E:\>type out.txt foo this is a multiline echo E:\>
@echo off
for /f "delims=:" %%a in (
'findstr -n "^___" %0') do set "Line=%%a"
(for /f "skip=%Line% tokens=* eol=_" %%a in (
'type %0') do echo(%%a) > out.html
:: out.html
pause
goto: EOF
___DATA___
title>
随着在DosTips,西伯利亚人发布的演示错误GOTO语句的惊人表现的形式(goto) 2>nul.然后Aacini和jeb记录了一些关于奇怪行为的其他有趣发现.它基本上表现得像一个EXIT /B,除了它允许CALLed例程中的连接命令在父调用者的上下文中执行.
这是一个简短的脚本,演示了大多数要点:
@echo off setlocal enableDelayedExpansion set "var=Parent Value" ( call :test echo This and the following line are not executed exit /b ) :break echo How did I get here^^!^^!^^!^^! exit /b :test setlocal disableDelayedExpansion set "var=Child Value" (goto) 2>nul & echo var=!var! & goto :break echo This line is not executed :break echo This line is not executed
- 输出 -
var=Parent Value How did I get here!!!!
这种惊人的行为使我能够编写一个优雅的批量模拟这里的文档,其中包含许多可用于unix的选项.我将PrintHere.bat实现为一个独立的实用程序,应该放在PATH中列出的文件夹中.然后,任何批处理脚本都可以轻松调用该实用程序以获取此处的doc功能.
以下是一般用法语法:
call PrintHere :Label Here doc text goes here :Label
怎么可能实现这个？...我的PrintHere实用程序使用了(GOTO) 2>nul两次技巧.
我第一次使用(GOTO) 2>nul返回调用者所以我可以获得调用脚本的完整路径,以便PrintHere知道要读取的文件.然后我再次打印PrintHere!
我第二次使用(GOTO) 2>nul返回调用者和GOTO终止标签,以便不执行此处的doc文本.
注意 - 下面的脚本在标签的定义中包含一个制表符(0x09),位于标签的正下方:start.某些浏览器可能难以显示和复制选项卡.作为替代方案,您可以从我的保管箱下载PrintHere.bat.txt,只需将其重命名为PrintHere.bat即可.
我最初在DosTips上发布了PrintHere.bat,您可以在其中跟踪未来的发展.
PrintHere.bat
@echo off & setlocal disableDelayedExpansion & goto :start
::PrintHere.bat version 1.1 by Dave Benham
:::
:::call PrintHere [/E] [/- "TrimList"] :Label ["%~f0"]
:::call PrintHere [/E] [/- "TrimList"] :Label "%~f0" | someCommand & goto :Label
:::PrintHere /?
:::PrintHere /V
:::
::: PrintHere.bat provides functionality similar to the unix here doc feature.
::: It prints all content between the CALL PrintHere :Label line and the
::: terminating :Label. The :Label must be a valid label supported by GOTO, with
::: the additional constraint that it not contain *. Lines are printed verbatim,
::: with the following exceptions and limitations:
:::
::: - Lines are lmited to 1021 bytes long
::: - Trailing control characters are stripped from each line
:::
::: The code should look something like the following:
:::
::: call PrintHere :Label
::: Spacing and blank lines are preserved
:::
::: Special characters like & < > | ^ ! % are printed normally
::: :Label
:::
::: If the /E option is used, then variables between exclamation points are
::: expanded, and ! and ^ literals must be escaped as ^! and ^^. The limitations
::: are different when /E is used:
:::
::: - Lines are limited to ~8191 bytes long
::: - All characters are preserved, except !variables! are expanded and ^! and
::: ^^ are transformed into ! and ^
:::
::: Here is an example using /E:
:::
::: call PrintHere /E :SubstituteExample
::: Hello !username!^!
::: :SubstituteExample
:::
::: If the /- "TrimList" option is used, then leading "TrimList" characters
::: are trimmed from the output. The trim characters are case sensitive, and
::: cannot include a quote. If "TrimList" includes a space, then it must
::: be the last character in the list.
:::
::: Multiple PrintHere blocks may be defined within one script, but each
::: :Label must be unique within the file.
:::
::: PrintHere must not be used within a parenthesized code block.
:::
::: Scripts that use PrintHere must use \r\n for line termination, and all lines
::: output by PrintHere will be terminated by \r\n.
:::
::: All redirection associated with a PrintHere must appear at the end of the
::: command. Also, the CALL can include path information:
:::
::: call "c:\utilities\PrintHere.bat" :MyBlock>test.txt
::: This line is written to test.txt
::: :MyBlock
:::
::: PrintHere may be used with a pipe, but only on the left side, and only
::: if the source script is included as a 2nd argument, and the right side must
::: explicitly and unconditionally GOTO the terminating :Label.
:::
::: call PrintHere :PipedBlock "%~f0" | more & goto :PipedBlock
::: text goes here
::: :PipedBlock
:::
::: Commands concatenated after PrintHere are ignored. For example:
:::
::: call PrintHere :ignoreConcatenatedCommands & echo This ECHO is ignored
::: text goes here
::: :ignoreConcatenatedCommands
:::
::: PrintHere uses FINDSTR to locate the text block by looking for the
::: CALL PRINTHERE :LABEL line. The search string length is severely limited
::: on XP. To minimize the risk of PrintHere failure when running on XP, it is
::: recommended that PrintHere.bat be placed in a folder included within PATH
::: so that the utility can be called without path information.
:::
::: PrintHere /? prints out this documentation.
:::
::: PrintHere /V prints out the version information
:::
::: PrintHere.bat was written by Dave Benham. Devlopment history may be traced at:
::: http://www.dostips.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=6537
:::
:start
set "tab= " NOTE: This value must be a single tab (0x09), not one or more spaces
set "sp=[ %tab%=,;]"
set "sp+=%sp%%sp%*"
set "opt="
set "/E="
set "/-="
:getOptions
if "%~1" equ "" call :exitErr Invalid call to PrintHere - Missing :Label argument
if "%~1" equ "/?" (
for /f "tokens=* delims=:" %%L in ('findstr "^:::" "%~f0"') do echo(%%L
exit /b 0
)
if /i "%~1" equ "/V" (
for /f "tokens=* delims=:" %%L in ('findstr /rc:"^::PrintHere\.bat version" "%~f0"') do echo(%%L
exit /b 0
)
if /i %1 equ /E (
set "/E=1"
set "opt=%sp+%.*"
shift /1
goto :getOptions
)
if /i %1 equ /- (
set "/-=%~2"
set "opt=%sp+%.*"
shift /1
shift /1
goto :getOptions
)
echo %1|findstr "^:[^:]" >nul || call :exitErr Invalid PrintHere :Label
if "%~2" equ "" (
(goto) 2>nul
setlocal enableDelayedExpansion
if "!!" equ "" (
endlocal
call %0 %* "%%~f0"
) else (
>&2 echo ERROR: PrintHere must be used within a batch script.
(call)
)
)
set ^"call=%0^"
set ^"label=%1^"
set "src=%~2"
setlocal enableDelayedExpansion
set "call=!call:\=[\\]!"
set "label=!label:\=[\\]!"
for %%C in (. [ $ ^^ ^") do (
set "call=!call:%%C=\%%C!"
set "label=!label:%%C=\%%C!"
)
set "search=!sp!*call!sp+!!call!!opt!!sp+!!label!"
set "cnt="
for /f "delims=:" %%N in ('findstr /brinc:"!search!$" /c:"!search![<>|&!sp:~1!" "!src!"') do if not defined skip set "skip=%%N"
if not defined skip call :exitErr Unable to locate CALL PrintHere %1
for /f "delims=:" %%N in ('findstr /brinc:"!sp!*!label!$" /c:"!sp!*!label!!sp!" "!src!"') do if %%N gtr %skip% if not defined cnt set /a cnt=%%N-skip-1
if not defined cnt call :exitErr PrintHere end label %1 not found
if defined /E (
for /f "skip=%skip% delims=" %%L in ('findstr /n "^^" "!src!"') do (
if !cnt! leq 0 goto :break
set "ln=%%L"
if not defined /- (echo(!ln:*:=!) else for /f "tokens=1* delims=%/-%" %%A in (^""%/-%!ln:*:=!") do (
setlocal disableDelayedExpansion
echo(%%B
endlocal
)
set /a cnt-=1
)
) else (
for /l %%N in (1 1 %skip%) do set /p "ln="
for /l %%N in (1 1 %cnt%) do (
set "ln="
set /p "ln="
if not defined /- (echo(!ln!) else for /f "tokens=1* delims=%/-%" %%A in (^""%/-%!ln!") do (
setlocal disableDelayedExpansion
echo(%%B
endlocal
)
)
) <"!src!"
:break
(goto) 2>nul & goto %~1
:exitErr
>&2 echo ERROR: %*
(goto) 2>nul & exit /b 1
完整文档嵌入在脚本中.以下是一些使用示例:
逐字输出
@echo off
call PrintHere :verbatim
Hello !username!^!
It is !time! on !date!.
:verbatim
- 输出 -
Hello !username!^!
It is !time! on !date!.
展开变量(不需要启用延迟扩展)
@echo off
call PrintHere /E :Expand
Hello !username!^!
It is !time! on !date!.
:Expand
--OUTPUT--
Hello Dave!
It is 20:08:15.35 on Fri 07/03/2015.
展开变量并修剪前导空格
@echo off
call PrintHere /E /- " " :Expand
Hello !username!^!
It is !time! on !date!.
:Expand
--OUTPUT--
Hello Dave! It is 20:10:46.09 on Fri 07/03/2015.
输出可以重定向到文件
@echo off call PrintHere :label >helloWorld.bat @echo Hello world! :label
输出不能重定向为输入,但可以通过管道输出!不幸的是,语法不是那么优雅,因为管道的两端都在新的CMD.EXE进程中执行,因此(GOTO) 2>nul返回子cmd进程,而不是主脚本.
@echo off call PrintHere :label "%~f0" | findstr "^" & goto :label Text content goes here :label
使用带参数的宏允许以更简单的方式编写"heredoc":
@echo off
rem Definition of heredoc macro
setlocal DisableDelayedExpansion
set LF=^
::Above 2 blank lines are required - do not remove
set ^"\n=^^^%LF%%LF%^%LF%%LF%^^"
set heredoc=for %%n in (1 2) do if %%n==2 (%\n%
for /F "tokens=1,2" %%a in ("!argv!") do (%\n%
if "%%b" equ "" (call :heredoc %%a) else call :heredoc %%a^>%%b%\n%
endlocal ^& goto %%a%\n%
)%\n%
) else setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion ^& set argv=
rem Heredoc syntax:
rem
rem %%heredoc%% :uniqueLabel [outfile]
rem contents
rem contents
rem ...
rem :uniqueLabel
rem
rem Same notes of rojo's answer apply
rem Example borrowed from rojo's answer:
set bodyText=Hello world!
set lipsum=Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
%heredoc% :endHtml out.txt
!bodyText!
!lipsum!
:endHtml
echo File created:
type out.txt
del out.txt
goto :EOF
rem Definition of heredoc subroutine
:heredoc label
set "skip="
for /F "delims=:" %%a in ('findstr /N "%1" "%~F0"') do (
if not defined skip (set skip=%%a) else set /A lines=%%a-skip-1
)
for /F "skip=%skip% delims=" %%a in ('findstr /N "^" "%~F0"') do (
set "line=%%a"
echo(!line:*:=!
set /A lines-=1
if !lines! == 0 exit /B
)
exit /B
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