于是,开始的学习配置
本次环境:
CentOS系统,
mysql-server(版本忘了,因为是使用yum安装的)
过程如下(转载,根据本人安装详细要求,略加修改) :
在提到网站构架的时候,我们经常能够看到“LAMP”的说法,它就是“Linux + Apache + MySQL + PHP”。 MySQL+PHP的协同成功案例已经很多了。比如国外的PHPBB,VBB,国内的Discuz!论坛等等程序,都是用PHP + MySQL实现的。和那些商务专用数据库比起来,MySQL的功能和规模可能被好多人说的逊色一些,但对于我们个人来说,它的功能已经算是完备。而且,通 过Discuz!官方论坛上同时在线人数的数目,也可以证明MySQL的稳定性。
这里,介绍一下CentOS下MySQL数据库服务器的构建方法。
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首先,安装MySQL。
[root@sample ~]# yum -y install mysql-server ← 安装MySQL Setting up Install Process Setting up repositories dag 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00 update 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00 base 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00 addons 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00 extras 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00 Reading repository metadata in from local files primary.xml.gz 100% |=========================| 106 kB 00:00 update : ################################################## 261/261 Added 5 new packages, deleted 0 old in 2.02 seconds Reducing Dag RPM Repository for Red Hat Enterprise Linux to included packages only Finished Parsing package install arguments Resolving Dependencies --> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait. ---> Downloading header for mysql-server to pack into transaction set. mysql-server-4.1.20-1.RHE 100% |=========================| 29 kB 00:00 ---> Package mysql-server.i386 0:4.1.20-1.RHEL4.1 set to be updated --> Running transaction check --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.14(libmysqlclient_14) for package: mysql-server --> Processing Dependency: perl-DBD-MySQL for package: mysql-server --> Processing Dependency: perl-DBI for package: mysql-server --> Processing Dependency: perl(DBI) for package: mysql-server --> Processing Dependency: mysql = 4.1.20-1.RHEL4.1 for package: mysql-server --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.14 for package: mysql-server --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient_r.so.14(libmysqlclient_14) for package: mysql-server --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient_r.so.14 for package: mysql-server --> Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes. --> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait. ---> Downloading header for perl-DBD-MySQL to pack into transaction set. perl-DBD-MySQL-2.9004-3.1 100% |=========================| 5.4 kB 00:00 ---> Package perl-DBD-MySQL.i386 0:2.9004-3.1 set to be updated ---> Downloading header for mysql to pack into transaction set. mysql-4.1.20-1.RHEL4.1.i3 100% |=========================| 35 kB 00:00 ---> Package mysql.i386 0:4.1.20-1.RHEL4.1 set to be updated ---> Downloading header for perl-DBI to pack into transaction set. perl-DBI-1.40-8.i386.rpm 100% |=========================| 11 kB 00:00 ---> Package perl-DBI.i386 0:1.40-8 set to be updated --> Running transaction check Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================= Transaction Summary Dependency Installed: mysql.i386 0:4.1.20-1.RHEL4.1 perl-DBD-MySQL.i386 0:2.9004-3.1 perl-DBI.i386 0:1.40-8 Complete! |
然后,安装PHP访问MySQL数据库的工具“php-mysql”。
[root@sample ~]# yum -y install php-mysql ← 安装php-mysql Setting up Install Process Setting up repositories Reading repository metadata in from local files Reducing Dag RPM Repository for Red Hat Enterprise Linux to included packages only Finished Parsing package install arguments Resolving Dependencies --> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait. ---> Downloading header for php-mysql to pack into transaction set. php-mysql-4.3.9-3.15.i386 100% |=========================| 18 kB 00:00 ---> Package php-mysql.i386 0:4.3.9-3.15 set to be updated --> Running transaction check Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================= Transaction Summary Complete! |
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然后,配置MySQL。
[root@sample ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf ← 编辑MySQL的配置文件 [mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # Default to using old password format for compatibility with mysql 3.x # clients (those using the mysqlclient10 compatibility package). old_passwords=1 ← 找到这一行,在这一行的下面添加新的规则,让MySQL的默认编码为UTF-8 default-character-set = utf8 ← 添加这一行 然后在配置文件的文尾填加如下语句: [mysql] default-character-set = utf8 |
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启动MySQL,并让MySQL在系统重新启动后随系统自动启动。
[root@sample ~]# chkconfig mysqld on ← 设置MySQL服务随系统启动自启动 [root@sample ~]# chkconfig --list mysqld ← 确认MySQL自启动 mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off ← 如果2--5为on的状态就OK [root@sample ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start ← 启动MySQL服务 Initializing MySQL database: [ OK ] Starting MySQL: [ OK ] |
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[1]为MySQL的root用户设置密码
MySQL在刚刚被安装的时候,它的root用户是没有被设置密码的。首先来设置MySQL的root密码。
[root@sample ~]# mysql -u root ← 用root用户登录MySQL服务器 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 to server version: 4.1.20 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer. mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user; ← 查看用户信息 mysql> set password for root@localhost=password('在这里填入root密码'); ← 设置root密码 mysql> set password for root@'sample.centospub.com'=password('在这里填入root密码'); ← 设置root密码 mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user; ← 查看用户信息 Bye |
然后,测试一下root密码有没有生效。
[root@sample ~]# mysql -u root ← 通过空密码用root登录 ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO) ← 出现此错误信息说明密码设置成功 [root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -h sample.centospub.com ← 通过空密码用root登录 ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO) ← 出现此错误信息说明密码设置成功 [root@sample ~]# mysql -u root -p ← 通过密码用root登录 Enter password: ← 在这里输入密码 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. ← 确认用密码能够成功登录 Your MySQL connection id is 5 to server version: 4.1.20 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer. mysql> exit Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer. mysql> exit ← 退出MySQL服务器Bye |
[2] 删除匿名用户
在MySQL刚刚被安装后,存在用户名、密码为空的用户。这使得数据库服务器有无需密码被登录的可能性。为消除隐患,将匿名用户删除。
[root@sample ~]# mysql -u root -p ← 通过密码用root登录 Enter password: ← 在这里输入密码 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 7 to server version: 4.1.20 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer. mysql> select user,host from mysql.user; ← 查看用户信息 | | 127.0.0.1 | mysql> delete from mysql.user where user=''; ← 删除匿名用户 mysql> select user,host from mysql.user; ← 查看用户信息 Bye |
[3] 删除测试用数据库
在MySQL被安装后,存在名为test的空数据库,将它删除。这里要注意的是,系统默认的还有一个名为mysql的数据库,它用于系统管理,所以请不要删除。
[root@sample ~]# mysql -u root -p ← 通过密码用root登录 Enter password: ← 在这里输入密码 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 to server version: 4.1.20 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer. mysql> show databases; ← 查看系统已存在的数据库 mysql> drop database test; ← 删除名为test的空数据库 mysql> show databases; ← 查看系统已存在的数据库 Bye |
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下面对MySQL进行测试。包括建立新用户,以及用对关系性数据库进行数据库操作的指令来试着建立数据库及数据表。这里,新建用户以centospub为例。
[root@sample ~]# mysql -u root -p ← 通过密码用root登录 Enter password: ← 在这里输入密码 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 9 to server version: 4.1.20 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer. mysql> grant all privileges on test.* to centospub@localhost identified by '在这里定义密码'; ← 建立对test数据库有完全操作权限的名为centospub的用户 mysql> select user from mysql.user where user='centospub'; ← 确认centospub用户的存在与否 mysql> exit ← 退出MySQL服务器 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer. mysql> create database test; ← 建立名为test的数据库 mysql> show databases; ← 查看系统已存在的数据库 mysql> use test ← 连接到数据库 mysql> show tables; ← 查看数据库中已存在的表 mysql> insert into test values(1,'Hello World!'); ← 插入一个值到表中 mysql> select * from test; ← 查看数据库中的表的信息 mysql> update test set name='Hello Everyone!'; ← 更新表的信息,赋予新的值 mysql> select * from test; ← 查看数据库中的表的信息 mysql> delete from test where num=1; ← 删除表内的值 mysql> select * from test; ← 确认删除结果 mysql> drop table test; ← 删除表 mysql> show tables; ← 查看表信息 mysql> drop database test; ← 删除名为test的数据库 mysql> show databases; ← 查看已存在的数据库 Bye |
然后,删除测试用过的遗留用户。
[root@sample ~]# mysql -u root -p ← 通过密码用root登录 Enter password: ← 在这里输入密码 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 12 to server version: 4.1.20 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer. mysql> revoke all privileges on *.* from centospub@localhost; ← 取消centospub用户对数据库的操作权限 mysql> delete from mysql.user where user='centospub' and host='localhost'; ← 删除centospub用户 mysql> select user from mysql.user where user='centospub'; ← 查找用户centospub,确认已删除与否 mysql> flush privileges; ← 刷新,使以上操作生效 Bye |
最后,重新启动一次HTTP服务,让php-mysql反映到HTTP服务中。
[root@sample ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd restart ← 重新启动HTTP服务 Stopping httpd: [ OK ] Starting httpd: [ OK ] |
终于搞掂!
(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……,接下来配置phpmyadmin....