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微信公众平台开发系列

开始微信公众平台的开发,我们首先要了解微信平台可以帮助我们做哪些事情?
开始微信公众平台的开发,我们首先要了解微信平台可以帮助我们做哪些事情?

使用您的公众账号登陆http://mp.weixin.qq.com/,选择菜单--高级功能-开发模式--查看文档,即能看到微信公众平台目前所能开发的功能。


一、通讯机制

2.实现GET方法

从文档中知道,我们需要实现POST和GET方法,GET方法用于验证微信和你的通讯验证,POST用于消息处理。

新建Servlet HelloWeChat,先实现其中的GET方法

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { 
        // TODO 为了简单起见,先不对消息来源进行校验
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8"); 
        PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter(); 
        String echo = request.getParameter("echostr"); 
        echo = new String(echo.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"),"UTF-8"); 
        pw.println(echo); 
    }

可以在本地使用http://localhost:8080/QiyadengWeb/HelloWeChat?echostr=hello中文,先进行测试,如果没有问题,可以部署到服务器上,然后在微信公众平台进行设置了。

3.实现POST方法

POST方法首先接收到微信公众平台传送过来的XML,从中提取消息发送人和消息内容。更加消息发送内容,你可以增加自己的处理逻辑,最后拼装成回复消息XML,返回给微信公众平台。

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { 
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8"); 
        PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter(); 
        String wxMsgXml = IOUtils.toString(request.getInputStream(),"utf-8"); 
        WeChatTextMessage textMsg = null; 
        try { 
            textMsg = getWeChatTextMessage(wxMsgXml); 
        } catch (Exception e) { 
            e.printStackTrace(); 
        } 
        StringBuffer replyMsg = new StringBuffer(); 
        if(textMsg != null){ 
            //增加你所需要的处理逻辑,这里只是简单重复消息
            replyMsg.append("您给我的消息是:"); 
            replyMsg.append(textMsg.getContent()); 
        } 
        else{ 
            replyMsg.append(":)不是文本的消息,我暂时看不懂"); 
        } 
        String returnXml = getReplyTextMessage(replyMsg.toString(), textMsg.getFromUserName()); 
        pw.println(returnXml); 
    }

关于调试,这里推荐一个工具Fiddler,你可以模拟微信的POST消息到你的本地,而不必每次部署到服务器上进行调试。关于Fiddler的POST数据使用方法,可以参考下图标注内容。

5.依赖库

使用maven的同学,添加以下依赖即可。非maven用户,找到这些库添加到buider path中即可。

 
    joda-time 
    joda-time 
    2.2 
 
 
    org.apache.commons 
    commons-io 
    1.3.2 
 
 
    com.thoughtworks.xstream 
    xstream 
    1.4.3 

6.完整的代码

package com.qiyadeng.wechat; 
import java.io.IOException; 
import java.io.PrintWriter; 
import java.util.Date; 
import javax.servlet.ServletException; 
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; 
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils; 
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream; 
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.DomDriver; 
/**
 * Servlet implementation class HelloWeChat
 */
public class HelloWeChat extends HttpServlet { 
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; 
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public HelloWeChat() { 
        super(); 
    } 
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
     */
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { 
        // TODO 为了简单起见,先不对消息来源进行校验
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8"); 
        PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter(); 
        String echo = request.getParameter("echostr"); 
        echo = new String(echo.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"),"UTF-8"); 
        pw.println(echo); 
    } 
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
     */
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { 
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8"); 
        PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter(); 
        String wxMsgXml = IOUtils.toString(request.getInputStream(),"utf-8"); 
        WeChatTextMessage textMsg = null; 
        try { 
            textMsg = getWeChatTextMessage(wxMsgXml); 
        } catch (Exception e) { 
            e.printStackTrace(); 
        } 
        StringBuffer replyMsg = new StringBuffer(); 
        if(textMsg != null){ 
            //增加你所需要的处理逻辑,这里只是简单重复消息
            replyMsg.append("您给我的消息是:"); 
            replyMsg.append(textMsg.getContent()); 
        } 
        else{ 
            replyMsg.append(":)不是文本的消息,我暂时看不懂"); 
        } 
        String returnXml = getReplyTextMessage(replyMsg.toString(), textMsg.getFromUserName()); 
        pw.println(returnXml); 
    } 
    private WeChatTextMessage getWeChatTextMessage(String xml){ 
        XStream xstream = new XStream(new DomDriver()); 
        xstream.alias("xml", WeChatTextMessage.class); 
        xstream.aliasField("ToUserName", WeChatTextMessage.class, "toUserName"); 
        xstream.aliasField("FromUserName", WeChatTextMessage.class, "fromUserName"); 
        xstream.aliasField("CreateTime", WeChatTextMessage.class, "createTime"); 
        xstream.aliasField("MsgType", WeChatTextMessage.class, "messageType"); 
        xstream.aliasField("Content", WeChatTextMessage.class, "content"); 
        xstream.aliasField("MsgId", WeChatTextMessage.class, "msgId"); 
        WeChatTextMessage wechatTextMessage = (WeChatTextMessage)xstream.fromXML(xml);  
        return wechatTextMessage; 
    } 
    private String getReplyTextMessage(String content, String weChatUser){ 
        WeChatReplyTextMessage we = new WeChatReplyTextMessage(); 
        we.setMessageType("text"); 
        we.setFuncFlag("0"); 
        we.setCreateTime(new Long(new Date().getTime()).toString()); 
        we.setContent(content); 
        we.setToUserName(weChatUser); 
        we.setFromUserName("shanghaiweather");//TODO 你的公众帐号微信号
        XStream xstream = new XStream(new DomDriver());  
        xstream.alias("xml", WeChatReplyTextMessage.class); 
        xstream.aliasField("ToUserName", WeChatReplyTextMessage.class, "toUserName"); 
        xstream.aliasField("FromUserName", WeChatReplyTextMessage.class, "fromUserName"); 
        xstream.aliasField("CreateTime", WeChatReplyTextMessage.class, "createTime"); 
        xstream.aliasField("MsgType", WeChatReplyTextMessage.class, "messageType"); 
        xstream.aliasField("Content", WeChatReplyTextMessage.class, "content"); 
        xstream.aliasField("FuncFlag", WeChatReplyTextMessage.class, "funcFlag"); 
        String xml =xstream.toXML(we); 
        return xml; 
    } 
}

位置识别这是实际应用经常应用的消息,特别是很多商家,通过了解用户位置,给用户提供特别的产品或是商场的推荐。其中用户可能发送两种类型的消息:

1.微信地理位置信息

2.路名、标志性建筑或是商场名称

1.微信地理位置消息

认识一下,微信地理位置消息,包含一些什么信息

 
 
 
1351776360 
 
23.134521 
113.358803 
20 
 
1234567890123456 

包含的主要信息有经度纬度和Label的位置。可以根据label中描述的位置信息,提供给用户对应的服务。也可根据用户的经度纬度信息,提供你最近的产品或是有地域性的产品。

首先根据微信的地理位置信息,定义WeChatLocationMessage类,并能把Xml转换为WeChatLocationMessage对象

public class WeChatLocationMessage { 
    private String toUserName; 
    private String fromUserName; 
    private String createTime; 
    private String msgType; 
    private String locationx; 
    private String localtiony; 
    private String scale; 
    private String label; 
    private String msgId; 
    public static WeChatLocationMessage getWeChatLocationMessage(String xml){ 
        XStream xstream = new XStream(new DomDriver()); 
        WeChatLocationMessage  message = null; 
        xstream.alias("xml", WeChatLocationMessage.class); 
        xstream.aliasField("ToUserName", WeChatLocationMessage.class, "toUserName"); 
        xstream.aliasField("FromUserName", WeChatLocationMessage.class, "fromUserName"); 
        xstream.aliasField("CreateTime", WeChatLocationMessage.class, "createTime"); 
        xstream.aliasField("MsgType", WeChatLocationMessage.class, "msgType"); 
        xstream.aliasField("Location_X", WeChatLocationMessage.class, "locationx"); 
        xstream.aliasField("Location_Y", WeChatLocationMessage.class, "localtiony"); 
        xstream.aliasField("Scale", WeChatLocationMessage.class, "scale"); 
        xstream.aliasField("Label", WeChatLocationMessage.class, "label"); 
        xstream.aliasField("MsgId", WeChatLocationMessage.class, "msgId"); 
        message = (WeChatLocationMessage)xstream.fromXML(xml); 
        return message; 
    } 
//getter and setter
}

本文利用百度的地图API,查找最近的银行做为示例。

public String getPalace(String query,String lat,String lng) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException{ 
    HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(); 
    String url = palceRequestUrl(query,lat,lng); 
    logger.log(Level.INFO, url); 
    HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet(url); 
    ResponseHandler responseHandler = new BasicResponseHandler(); 
    String responseBody = httpClient.execute(httpget, responseHandler); 
    logger.log(Level.INFO,"baidu response:"+responseBody); 
    return responseBody; 
} 

public String palceRequestUrl(String query,String lat,String lng) throws UnsupportedEncodingException { 
    String url = WeChatConstant.BASEURL + "place/search?query=" + URLEncoder.encode(query,"UTF-8") + "&key="
            + WeChatConstant.MAPKEY +"&location="+lat+","+lng +"&radius=2000"+"&output=" + WeChatConstant.OUTPUTFORMAT; 
    return url; 
}

输出的结果

 
    OK 
     
         
            中国工商银行东长安街支行 
             
                39.915891 
                116.41867 
             
            
东城区东长安街1号东方广场西三办公楼1楼
a025683c73033c35a21de987 http://api.map.baidu.com/place/detail?uid=a025683c73033c35a21de987&;amp;output=html&source=placeapi 银行,王府井/东单

接下来,把百度地图反映出来的最近位置信息,以图文消息的格式展示给微信用户

    public static String getWeChatReplyNewsMessageByBaiduPlace(List placeList, double lat, double lng,String userName, int size){ 
        WeChatReplyNewsMessage newsMessage = new WeChatReplyNewsMessage(); 
        List items = new ArrayList(); 
        StringBuffer strBuf = new StringBuffer(); 
        logger.log(Level.INFO,"placeList count="+placeList.size()); 
        newsMessage.setItems(items); 
        if(placeList.size()>size){ 
            newsMessage.setArticleCount(size); 
        } 
        else{ 
            newsMessage.setArticleCount(placeList.size()); 
        } 
        logger.log(Level.INFO,"article count="+newsMessage.getArticleCount()); 
        newsMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime()+""); 
        newsMessage.setMsgType("news"); 
        newsMessage.setFuncFlag("0"); 
        newsMessage.setToUserName(userName); 
        newsMessage.setFromUserName(WeChatConstant.FROMUSERNAME); 
        for(int i = 0;i 

2.路名、标志性建筑或是商场名称


对路名、标志性建筑等信息,方法还是通过第三方地图信息,确定输入的位置信息的经度纬度。

本文使用百度地图API,确定所查找的位置的经度和纬度。


确定了经度和纬度,问题就变成和第1种消息类型一致了,根据经度纬度去做相应处理。

public String getGeoCode(String query) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException{ 
        HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(); 
        String url = geoCodeRequestUrl(query); 
        logger.log(Level.INFO, url); 
        HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet(url); 
        ResponseHandler responseHandler = new BasicResponseHandler(); 
        String responseBody = httpClient.execute(httpget, responseHandler); 
        logger.log(Level.INFO,"baidu response:"+responseBody); 
        return responseBody; 
    } 
    public String geoCodeRequestUrl(String query) throws UnsupportedEncodingException{ 
        String url = WeChatConstant.BASEURL + "geocoder?address=" + URLEncoder.encode(query,"UTF-8") + "&key="
                + WeChatConstant.MAPKEY + "&output=" + WeChatConstant.OUTPUTFORMAT; 
        return url; 
    }


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