作者：k78283381 | 2023-09-09 17:23
我正在尝试在x64 Debian上编译这个x86汇编代码:
BITS 32
%include 'training.s'
global main
extern exit
; ===============================================
section .text
main:
; The program begins here:
call read_hex
mov edx,eax
call read_hex
add eax,edx
add eax,eax
inc eax
call print_eax
; Exit the process:
push 0
call exit
我收到这些错误:
~$nasm -f elf -g 0_strange_calc.asm && ld -o 0_strange_calc 0_strange_calc.o
ld: i386 architecture of input file `0_strange_calc.o' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
ld: warning: cannot find entry symbol _start; defaulting to 00000000004000b0
0_strange_calc.o:training.s:25: undefined reference to `printf'
0_strange_calc.o:training.s:35: undefined reference to `printf'
0_strange_calc.o:training.s:45: undefined reference to `printf'
0_strange_calc.o:training.s:56: undefined reference to `read'
0_strange_calc.o:training.s:77: undefined reference to `scanf'
0_strange_calc.o:training.s:97: undefined reference to `scanf'
0_strange_calc.o:training.s:108: undefined reference to `printf'
0_strange_calc.o:training.s:129: undefined reference to `printf'
0_strange_calc.o:training.s:137: undefined reference to `printf'
0_strange_calc.o:0_strange_calc.asm:50: undefined reference to `exit'
~$ yasm -f elf64 0_strange_calc.asm
~$ gcc -m32 -nostdlib -nostdinc 0_strange_calc.o -o 0_strange_calc
/usr/bin/ld: i386:x86-64 architecture of input file `0_strange_calc.o' is incompatible with i386 output
/usr/bin/ld: warning: cannot find entry symbol _start; defaulting to 00000000080480c0
0_strange_calc.o: In function `no symbol':
0_strange_calc.asm:(.text+0x8): undefined reference to `printf'
0_strange_calc.asm:(.text+0x19): undefined reference to `printf'
0_strange_calc.asm:(.text+0x2a): undefined reference to `printf'
0_strange_calc.asm:(.text+0x39): undefined reference to `read'
0_strange_calc.asm:(.text+0x5b): undefined reference to `scanf'
0_strange_calc.asm:(.text+0x7a): undefined reference to `scanf'
0_strange_calc.asm:(.text+0x89): undefined reference to `printf'
0_strange_calc.asm:(.text+0xa8): undefined reference to `printf'
0_strange_calc.asm:(.text+0xb9): undefined reference to `printf'
0_strange_calc.o: In function `main':
0_strange_calc.asm:(.text+0xdb): undefined reference to `exit'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
这是我的0_strange_calc.o转储:
~$ objdump -M intel -d 0_strange_calc.o
0_strange_calc.o: file format elf64-x86-64
Disassembly of section .text:
0000000000000000 :
0: 60 (bad)
1: 50 push rax
2: 68 00 00 00 00 push 0x0
7: e8 00 00 00 00 call c
c: 83 c4 08 add esp,0x8
f: 61 (bad)
10: c3 ret
11: 60 (bad)
12: 50 push rax
13: 68 00 00 00 00 push 0x0
18: e8 00 00 00 00 call 1d
1d: 83 c4 08 add esp,0x8
20: 61 (bad)
21: c3 ret
22: 60 (bad)
23: b8 00 00 00 00 mov eax,0x0
28: 50 push rax
29: e8 00 00 00 00 call 2e
2e: 83 c4 04 add esp,0x4
31: 61 (bad)
32: c3 ret
33: 60 (bad)
34: 51 push rcx
35: 57 push rdi
36: 6a 00 push 0x0
38: e8 00 00 00 00 call 3d
3d: 83 c4 0c add esp,0xc
40: 31 d2 xor edx,edx
42: c6 04 07 00 mov BYTE PTR [rdi+rax*1],0x0
46: 61 (bad)
47: c3 ret
48: 55 push rbp
49: 89 e5 mov ebp,esp
4b: 83 ec 04 sub esp,0x4
4e: 53 push rbx
4f: 51 push rcx
50: 52 push rdx
51: 8d 5d fc lea ebx,[rbp-0x4]
54: 53 push rbx
55: 68 00 00 00 00 push 0x0
5a: e8 00 00 00 00 call 5f
5f: 83 c4 08 add esp,0x8
62: 8b 03 mov eax,DWORD PTR [rbx]
64: 5a pop rdx
65: 59 pop rcx
66: 5b pop rbx
67: c9 leave
68: c3 ret
69: 55 push rbp
6a: 89 e5 mov ebp,esp
6c: 83 ec 04 sub esp,0x4
6f: 8d 5d fc lea ebx,[rbp-0x4]
72: 60 (bad)
73: 53 push rbx
74: 68 00 00 00 00 push 0x0
79: e8 00 00 00 00 call 7e
7e: 83 c4 08 add esp,0x8
81: 61 (bad)
82: 8b 03 mov eax,DWORD PTR [rbx]
84: c9 leave
85: c3 ret
86: 60 (bad)
87: 56 push rsi
88: e8 00 00 00 00 call 8d
8d: 83 c4 04 add esp,0x4
90: 61 (bad)
91: c3 ret
92: 60 (bad)
93: b9 20 00 00 00 mov ecx,0x20
98: d1 c0 rol eax,1
9a: 89 c2 mov edx,eax
9c: 83 e2 01 and edx,0x1
9f: 51 push rcx
a0: 50 push rax
a1: 52 push rdx
a2: 68 00 00 00 00 push 0x0
a7: e8 00 00 00 00 call ac
ac: 83 c4 08 add esp,0x8
af: 58 pop rax
b0: 59 pop rcx
b1: e2 e5 loop 98
b3: 68 00 00 00 00 push 0x0
b8: e8 00 00 00 00 call bd
bd: 83 c4 04 add esp,0x4
c0: 61 (bad)
c1: c3 ret
00000000000000c2 :
c2: e8 81 ff ff ff call 48
c7: 89 c2 mov edx,eax
c9: e8 7a ff ff ff call 48
ce: 01 d0 add eax,edx
d0: 01 c0 add eax,eax
d2: 40 e8 28 ff ff ff rex call 0
d8: 6a 00 push 0x0
da: e8 00 00 00 00 call df
它似乎已经在x64 asm中成功转换,我编译和链接的其他简单代码没有问题.我究竟做错了什么？我该如何解决？
1> Michael Petc..：
你有几个选择
使用LD链接到最终的可执行文件
使用GCC链接到最终的可执行文件
使用LD方法
您的命令行使用LD,遗憾的是,这会产生许多问题.首先:
ld:输入文件"0_strange_calc.o"的i386架构与i386不兼容:x86-6
您使用64位Debian,尝试生成32位可执行文件.-f elf在NASM命令行上生成32位ELF(-f elf64生成64位对象).您的LD命令行是通过默认试图生成64位的可执行从而上述错误中给出.您可以通过向LD的命令行添加选项来强制LD生成32位可执行文件.-m elf_i386
ld:警告:找不到入口符号_start; 默认为00000000004000b0
你应该告诉LD你的入口点是主要的.默认情况下,LD会查找_start的入口点.您可以添加-e main到LD命令行来解决该问题.
像这样的错误表明你需要C库(printf存在的地方):
0_strange_calc.asm :(.text + 0x8):对`printf'的未定义引用
由于您的代码不直接使用printf,我只能假设函数需要它training.s.要在C库中进行链接,您需要.o在命令行中的文件之后添加它.您可以-lc在LD命令行上执行此操作.您还需要告诉LD具体需要使用的动态链接库(在本例中为32位).在Debian环境中,通常看起来像:-dynamic-linker /lib/ld-linux.so.2
所以你的NASM和LD线应该是这样的:
nasm -f elf -g 0_strange_calc.asm
ld -melf_i386 -e main -dynamic-linker /lib/ld-linux.so.2 -o 0_strange_calc 0_strange_calc.o -lc
使用GCC方法
您可以使用GCC将目标文件链接到可执行文件,从而简化与C库的链接.要构建32位可执行文件,您可以使用:
nasm -f elf -g 0_strange_calc.asm
gcc -m32 0_strange_calc.o -o 0_strange_calc
该Ç库和运行时刻有一个_start,做方法Ç启动初始化并依次调用一个调用的函数主要恰巧是在你的汇编文件的功能.-m32告诉GCC你也链接到32位可执行文件.
特别注意事项
您可能还需要安装gl的Multlilib版本(如果需要,还可以安装g ++),以便您可以使用适当的C库在64位Debian上正确构建和运行32位应用程序.这可以使用此命令行完成:
apt-get install gcc-multilib g++-multilib
在基于Ubuntu的系统上,您需要使用:
sudo apt-get install gcc-multilib g++-multilib
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