如何处理用于CLI测试的"fmt"golang库包

Kerningham's Book的第11章为这个问题提供了一个很好的解决方案.诀窍是将对fmt.Printline()的调用更改为对fmt.Fprint(out,...)的调用,其中out被初始化为os.Stdout

这可以在测试工具中覆盖到new(bytes.Buffer),允许测试捕获输出.

请参阅https://github.com/adonovan/gopl.io/blob/master/ch11/echo/echo.go和 https://github.com/adonovan/gopl.io/blob/master/ch11/echo/echo_test .走

由OP ... sample.go编辑:

package main


import(
    "fmt"
    "os"
    "io"
)


var out io.Writer = os.Stdout // modified during testing
var exit func(code int) = os.Exit

type sample struct {
    value int64
}


func (s sample) useful() {
    if s.value == 0 {
        fmt.Fprint(out, "Error: something is wrong!\n")
        exit(1)
    } else {
        fmt.Fprint(out, "May the force be with you!\n")
    }
}


func main() {
    s := sample{42}
    s.useful()

    s.value = 0
    s.useful()
}

// output:
// May the force be with you!
// Error: this is broken and not useful!
// exit status 1

cli_test.go:

package main

import(
    "bytes"
    "testing"
)


func TestUsefulPositive(t *testing.T) {
    bak := out
    out = new(bytes.Buffer)
    defer func() { out = bak }()

    s := sample{42}
    s.useful()
    if out.(*bytes.Buffer).String() != "May the force be with you!\n" {
        t.Fatal("There is something wrong with the CLI")
    }

}


func TestUsefulNegative(t *testing.T) {
    bak := out
    out = new(bytes.Buffer)
    defer func() { out = bak }()
    code := 0
    osexit := exit
    exit = func(c int) { code = c }
    defer func() { exit = osexit }()

    s := sample{0}
    s.useful()
    if out.(*bytes.Buffer).String() != "Error: something is wrong!\n" {
        t.Fatal("There is something wrong with the CLI")
    }
    if code != 1 {
        t.Fatal("Wrong exit code!")
    }
}