如何使用SQL Server Express安排每日备份？

我正在使用SQL server express(2005)作为后端运行一个小型Web应用程序.我可以使用SQL脚本创建备份,但是,我想每天安排这个.作为额外的选项(应该)我只想保留最后的X备份(显然是出于节省空间的原因)任何指针？

[编辑] SQL Server代理在SQL Server express中不可用...

1> Sam Cogan..：

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您不能在SQL Server Express中使用SQL Server代理.我之前完成它的方法是创建一个SQL脚本,然后每天将其作为计划任务运行,您可以有多个计划任务以适应您的备份计划/保留.我在计划任务中使用的命令是:

"C:\ Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\90\Tools\Binn\SQLCMD.EXE"-i"c:\ path\to\sqlbackupScript.sql"

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Microsoft提供了一个很好的脚本和完成此任务的详细说明.它缺少的主要是清理旧的备份文件.http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2019698

2> JohnB..：

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Eduardo Molteni有一个很好的答案:

SQL Server自动备份

使用Windows计划任务:

在批处理文件中

"C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\100\Tools\Binn\SQLCMD.EXE" -S 
(local)\SQLExpress -i D:\dbbackups\SQLExpressBackups.sql

在SQLExpressBackups.sql中

BACKUP DATABASE MyDataBase1 TO  DISK = N'D:\DBbackups\MyDataBase1.bak' 
WITH NOFORMAT, INIT,  NAME = N'MyDataBase1 Backup', SKIP, NOREWIND, NOUNLOAD,  STATS = 10

BACKUP DATABASE MyDataBase2 TO  DISK = N'D:\DBbackups\MyDataBase2.bak' 
WITH NOFORMAT, INIT,  NAME = N'MyDataBase2 Backup', SKIP, NOREWIND, NOUNLOAD,  STATS = 10

GO

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无论如何将时间戳附加到创建的备份文件,以便它不写入现有文件？

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对于SQL Server 2014 Express,SqlCmd.exe现在位于:"C:\ Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\Client SDK\ODBC\110\Tools\Binn\SQLCMD.EXE"

3> Tomas Kubes..：

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只需使用此脚本动态备份服务器上的所有数据库.然后根据文章创建批处理文件.创建两个批处理文件很有用,一个用于完全备份,一个用于差异备份.然后在任务计划程序中创建两个任务,一个用于完整,一个用于差异.

-- // Copyright © Microsoft Corporation.  All Rights Reserved.
-- // This code released under the terms of the
-- // Microsoft Public License (MS-PL, http://opensource.org/licenses/ms-pl.html.)
USE [master] 
GO 
/****** Object:  StoredProcedure [dbo].[sp_BackupDatabases] ******/ 
SET ANSI_NULLS ON 
GO 
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON 
GO 

-- ============================================= 
-- Author: Microsoft 
-- Create date: 2010-02-06
-- Description: Backup Databases for SQLExpress
-- Parameter1: databaseName 
-- Parameter2: backupType F=full, D=differential, L=log
-- Parameter3: backup file location
-- =============================================

CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[sp_BackupDatabases]  
            @databaseName sysname = null,
            @backupType CHAR(1),
            @backupLocation nvarchar(200) 
AS 

       SET NOCOUNT ON; 

            DECLARE @DBs TABLE
            (
                  ID int IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
                  DBNAME nvarchar(500)
            )

             -- Pick out only databases which are online in case ALL databases are chosen to be backed up
             -- If specific database is chosen to be backed up only pick that out from @DBs
            INSERT INTO @DBs (DBNAME)
            SELECT Name FROM master.sys.databases
            where state=0
            AND name=@DatabaseName
            OR @DatabaseName IS NULL
            ORDER BY Name

            -- Filter out databases which do not need to backed up
            IF @backupType='F'
                  BEGIN
                  DELETE @DBs where DBNAME IN ('tempdb','Northwind','pubs','AdventureWorks')
                  END
            ELSE IF @backupType='D'
                  BEGIN
                  DELETE @DBs where DBNAME IN ('tempdb','Northwind','pubs','master','AdventureWorks')
                  END
            ELSE IF @backupType='L'
                  BEGIN
                  DELETE @DBs where DBNAME IN ('tempdb','Northwind','pubs','master','AdventureWorks')
                  END
            ELSE
                  BEGIN
                  RETURN
                  END

            -- Declare variables
            DECLARE @BackupName varchar(100)
            DECLARE @BackupFile varchar(100)
            DECLARE @DBNAME varchar(300)
            DECLARE @sqlCommand NVARCHAR(1000) 
        DECLARE @dateTime NVARCHAR(20)
            DECLARE @Loop int                  

            -- Loop through the databases one by one
            SELECT @Loop = min(ID) FROM @DBs

      WHILE @Loop IS NOT NULL
      BEGIN

-- Database Names have to be in [dbname] format since some have - or _ in their name
      SET @DBNAME = '['+(SELECT DBNAME FROM @DBs WHERE ID = @Loop)+']'

-- Set the current date and time n yyyyhhmmss format
      SET @dateTime = REPLACE(CONVERT(VARCHAR, GETDATE(),101),'/','') + '_' +  REPLACE(CONVERT(VARCHAR, GETDATE(),108),':','')  

-- Create backup filename in path\filename.extension format for full,diff and log backups
      IF @backupType = 'F'
            SET @BackupFile = @backupLocation+REPLACE(REPLACE(@DBNAME, '[',''),']','')+ '_FULL_'+ @dateTime+ '.BAK'
      ELSE IF @backupType = 'D'
            SET @BackupFile = @backupLocation+REPLACE(REPLACE(@DBNAME, '[',''),']','')+ '_DIFF_'+ @dateTime+ '.BAK'
      ELSE IF @backupType = 'L'
            SET @BackupFile = @backupLocation+REPLACE(REPLACE(@DBNAME, '[',''),']','')+ '_LOG_'+ @dateTime+ '.TRN'

-- Provide the backup a name for storing in the media
      IF @backupType = 'F'
            SET @BackupName = REPLACE(REPLACE(@DBNAME,'[',''),']','') +' full backup for '+ @dateTime
      IF @backupType = 'D'
            SET @BackupName = REPLACE(REPLACE(@DBNAME,'[',''),']','') +' differential backup for '+ @dateTime
      IF @backupType = 'L'
            SET @BackupName = REPLACE(REPLACE(@DBNAME,'[',''),']','') +' log backup for '+ @dateTime

-- Generate the dynamic SQL command to be executed

       IF @backupType = 'F' 
                  BEGIN
               SET @sqlCommand = 'BACKUP DATABASE ' +@DBNAME+  ' TO DISK = '''+@BackupFile+ ''' WITH INIT, NAME= ''' +@BackupName+''', NOSKIP, NOFORMAT'
                  END
       IF @backupType = 'D'
                  BEGIN
               SET @sqlCommand = 'BACKUP DATABASE ' +@DBNAME+  ' TO DISK = '''+@BackupFile+ ''' WITH DIFFERENTIAL, INIT, NAME= ''' +@BackupName+''', NOSKIP, NOFORMAT'        
                  END
       IF @backupType = 'L' 
                  BEGIN
               SET @sqlCommand = 'BACKUP LOG ' +@DBNAME+  ' TO DISK = '''+@BackupFile+ ''' WITH INIT, NAME= ''' +@BackupName+''', NOSKIP, NOFORMAT'        
                  END

-- Execute the generated SQL command
       EXEC(@sqlCommand)

-- Goto the next database
SELECT @Loop = min(ID) FROM @DBs where ID>@Loop

END

批处理文件可能如下所示:

sqlcmd -S localhost\myDB -Q "EXEC sp_BackupDatabases @backupLocation='c:\Dropbox\backup\DB\', @backupType='F'"  >> c:\Dropbox\backup\DB\full.log 2>&1

和

sqlcmd -S localhost\myDB -Q "EXEC sp_BackupDatabases @backupLocation='c:\Dropbox\backup\DB\', @backupType='D'"  >> c:\Dropbox\backup\DB\diff.log 2>&1

此方法的优点是,如果添加新数据库或删除数据库,则无需更改任何内容,甚至无需在脚本中列出数据库.对于具有一个数据库的服务器,JohnB的答案更好/更简单,这种方法更适合多数据库服务器.