在SQL Server中,如何为给定的表生成CREATE TABLE语句？

我花了很多时间来解决这个问题的解决方案,所以本帖子的精神,我在这里发布,因为我觉得它可能对其他人有用.

如果有人有更好的脚本或任何要添加的内容,请发布.

编辑:是的,我知道如何在Management Studio中执行此操作 - 但我需要能够在另一个应用程序中执行此操作.

1> 小智..：

---

我已修改上面的版本以运行所有表并支持新的SQL 2005数据类型.它还保留主键名称.仅适用于SQL 2005(使用交叉应用).

select  'create table [' + so.name + '] (' + o.list + ')' + CASE WHEN tc.Constraint_Name IS NULL THEN '' ELSE 'ALTER TABLE ' + so.Name + ' ADD CONSTRAINT ' + tc.Constraint_Name  + ' PRIMARY KEY ' + ' (' + LEFT(j.List, Len(j.List)-1) + ')' END
from    sysobjects so
cross apply
    (SELECT 
        '  ['+column_name+'] ' + 
        data_type + case data_type
            when 'sql_variant' then ''
            when 'text' then ''
            when 'ntext' then ''
            when 'xml' then ''
            when 'decimal' then '(' + cast(numeric_precision as varchar) + ', ' + cast(numeric_scale as varchar) + ')'
            else coalesce('('+case when character_maximum_length = -1 then 'MAX' else cast(character_maximum_length as varchar) end +')','') end + ' ' +
        case when exists ( 
        select id from syscolumns
        where object_name(id)=so.name
        and name=column_name
        and columnproperty(id,name,'IsIdentity') = 1 
        ) then
        'IDENTITY(' + 
        cast(ident_seed(so.name) as varchar) + ',' + 
        cast(ident_incr(so.name) as varchar) + ')'
        else ''
        end + ' ' +
         (case when IS_NULLABLE = 'No' then 'NOT ' else '' end ) + 'NULL ' + 
          case when information_schema.columns.COLUMN_DEFAULT IS NOT NULL THEN 'DEFAULT '+ information_schema.columns.COLUMN_DEFAULT ELSE '' END + ', ' 

     from information_schema.columns where table_name = so.name
     order by ordinal_position
    FOR XML PATH('')) o (list)
left join
    information_schema.table_constraints tc
on  tc.Table_name       = so.Name
AND tc.Constraint_Type  = 'PRIMARY KEY'
cross apply
    (select '[' + Column_Name + '], '
     FROM   information_schema.key_column_usage kcu
     WHERE  kcu.Constraint_Name = tc.Constraint_Name
     ORDER BY
        ORDINAL_POSITION
     FOR XML PATH('')) j (list)
where   xtype = 'U'
AND name    NOT IN ('dtproperties')

更新:添加了XML数据类型的处理

更新2:修复了以下情况: 1)有多个具有相同名称但具有不同模式的表,2)有多个表具有相同名称的PK约束

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这是太棒了!很长一段时间以来,我一直在寻找这样的东西!(尝试将表结构编写到我们的版本控件中)

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我注意到在运行它时列出列时输出末尾有一个额外的逗号.我能够通过用`STUFF(o.list,1,2,'')`包围第1行中的o.list来删除额外的逗号,并将第23行的交叉结尾处的逗号移到开头在第5行`',['+ column_name +']'+`

---

感谢您发布此内容!我认为你应该使用numeric_precision列,而不是numeric_precision_radix,除了decimal数据类型之外,它应该对numeric数据类型也一样.

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我认为你有一个错误 - numeric_precision_radix应该是numeric_precision

2> Blorgbeard..：

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这是我提出的脚本.它处理标识列,默认值和主键.它不处理外键,索引,触发器或任何其他聪明的东西.它适用于SQLServer 2000,2005和2008.

declare @schema varchar(100), @table varchar(100)
set @schema = 'dbo' -- set schema name here
set @table = 'MyTable' -- set table name here
declare @sql table(s varchar(1000), id int identity)

-- create statement
insert into  @sql(s) values ('create table [' + @table + '] (')

-- column list
insert into @sql(s)
select 
    '  ['+column_name+'] ' + 
    data_type + coalesce('('+cast(character_maximum_length as varchar)+')','') + ' ' +
    case when exists ( 
        select id from syscolumns
        where object_name(id)=@table
        and name=column_name
        and columnproperty(id,name,'IsIdentity') = 1 
    ) then
        'IDENTITY(' + 
        cast(ident_seed(@table) as varchar) + ',' + 
        cast(ident_incr(@table) as varchar) + ')'
    else ''
    end + ' ' +
    ( case when IS_NULLABLE = 'No' then 'NOT ' else '' end ) + 'NULL ' + 
    coalesce('DEFAULT '+COLUMN_DEFAULT,'') + ','

 from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS where table_name = @table AND table_schema = @schema
 order by ordinal_position

-- primary key
declare @pkname varchar(100)
select @pkname = constraint_name from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
where table_name = @table and constraint_type='PRIMARY KEY'

if ( @pkname is not null ) begin
    insert into @sql(s) values('  PRIMARY KEY (')
    insert into @sql(s)
        select '   ['+COLUMN_NAME+'],' from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
        where constraint_name = @pkname
        order by ordinal_position
    -- remove trailing comma
    update @sql set s=left(s,len(s)-1) where id=@@identity
    insert into @sql(s) values ('  )')
end
else begin
    -- remove trailing comma
    update @sql set s=left(s,len(s)-1) where id=@@identity
end

-- closing bracket
insert into @sql(s) values( ')' )

-- result!
select s from @sql order by id

---

什么动态的SQL？这个脚本生成sql - 它不执行它.

3> 8kb..：

---

在msdb论坛中有一个Powershell脚本,它将编写所有表和相关对象的脚本:

# Script all tables in a database
[System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("Microsoft.SqlServer.SMO") 
    | out-null

$s = new-object ('Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server') ''
$db = $s.Databases['']

$scrp = new-object ('Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Scripter') ($s)
$scrp.Options.AppendToFile = $True
$scrp.Options.ClusteredIndexes = $True
$scrp.Options.DriAll = $True
$scrp.Options.ScriptDrops = $False
$scrp.Options.IncludeHeaders = $False
$scrp.Options.ToFileOnly = $True
$scrp.Options.Indexes = $True
$scrp.Options.WithDependencies = $True
$scrp.Options.FileName = 'C:\Temp\.SQL'

foreach($item in $db.Tables) { $tablearray+=@($item) }
$scrp.Script($tablearray)

Write-Host "Scripting complete"

4> zanlok..：

---

支持架构:

这是一个更新版本,修正了David等人给出的最佳答案.添加了对命名模式的支持.应该注意的是,如果在各种模式中存在同名的表,则可能会中断.另一个改进是使用官方QuoteName()函数.

SELECT 
    t.TABLE_CATALOG,
    t.TABLE_SCHEMA,
    t.TABLE_NAME,
    'create table '+QuoteName(t.TABLE_SCHEMA)+'.' + QuoteName(so.name) + ' (' + LEFT(o.List, Len(o.List)-1) + ');  ' 
        + CASE WHEN tc.Constraint_Name IS NULL THEN '' 
          ELSE 
            'ALTER TABLE ' + QuoteName(t.TABLE_SCHEMA)+'.' + QuoteName(so.name) 
            + ' ADD CONSTRAINT ' + tc.Constraint_Name  + ' PRIMARY KEY ' + ' (' + LEFT(j.List, Len(j.List)-1) + ');  ' 
          END as 'SQL_CREATE_TABLE'
FROM sysobjects so

CROSS APPLY (
    SELECT 
          '  ['+column_name+'] ' 
          +  data_type 
          + case data_type
                when 'sql_variant' then ''
                when 'text' then ''
                when 'ntext' then ''
                when 'decimal' then '(' + cast(numeric_precision as varchar) + ', ' + cast(numeric_scale as varchar) + ')'
              else 
              coalesce(
                '('+ case when character_maximum_length = -1 
                    then 'MAX' 
                    else cast(character_maximum_length as varchar) end 
                + ')','') 
            end 
        + ' ' 
        + case when exists ( 
            SELECT id 
            FROM syscolumns
            WHERE 
                object_name(id) = so.name
                and name = column_name
                and columnproperty(id,name,'IsIdentity') = 1 
          ) then
            'IDENTITY(' + 
            cast(ident_seed(so.name) as varchar) + ',' + 
            cast(ident_incr(so.name) as varchar) + ')'
          else ''
          end 
        + ' ' 
        + (case when IS_NULLABLE = 'No' then 'NOT ' else '' end) 
        + 'NULL ' 
        + case when information_schema.columns.COLUMN_DEFAULT IS NOT NULL THEN 'DEFAULT '+ information_schema.columns.COLUMN_DEFAULT 
          ELSE '' 
          END 
        + ','  -- can't have a field name or we'll end up with XML

    FROM information_schema.columns 
    WHERE table_name = so.name
    ORDER BY ordinal_position
    FOR XML PATH('')
) o (list)

LEFT JOIN information_schema.table_constraints tc on  
    tc.Table_name = so.Name
    AND tc.Constraint_Type  = 'PRIMARY KEY'

LEFT JOIN information_schema.tables t on  
    t.Table_name = so.Name

CROSS APPLY (
    SELECT QuoteName(Column_Name) + ', '
    FROM information_schema.key_column_usage kcu
    WHERE kcu.Constraint_Name = tc.Constraint_Name
    ORDER BY ORDINAL_POSITION
    FOR XML PATH('')
) j (list)

WHERE
    xtype = 'U'
    AND name NOT IN ('dtproperties')
    -- AND so.name = 'ASPStateTempSessions'
;

..

在Management Studio中使用:

上面的sql代码的一个detractor是如果你使用SSMS测试它,长语句不容易阅读.因此,根据这个有用的帖子,这是另一个版本,在点击网格中单元格的链接后,稍微修改一下,以便更容易看到眼睛.对于db中的每个表,结果更容易识别为格式良好的CREATE TABLE语句.

-- settings
DECLARE @CRLF NCHAR(2)
SET @CRLF = Nchar(13) + NChar(10)
DECLARE @PLACEHOLDER NCHAR(3)
SET @PLACEHOLDER = '{:}'

-- the main query
SELECT 
    t.TABLE_CATALOG,
    t.TABLE_SCHEMA,
    t.TABLE_NAME,
    CAST(
        REPLACE(
            'create table ' + QuoteName(t.TABLE_SCHEMA) + '.' + QuoteName(so.name) + ' (' + @CRLF 
            + LEFT(o.List, Len(o.List) - (LEN(@PLACEHOLDER)+2)) + @CRLF + ');' + @CRLF
            + CASE WHEN tc.Constraint_Name IS NULL THEN '' 
              ELSE
                'ALTER TABLE ' + QuoteName(t.TABLE_SCHEMA) + '.' + QuoteName(so.Name) 
                + ' ADD CONSTRAINT ' + tc.Constraint_Name  + ' PRIMARY KEY (' + LEFT(j.List, Len(j.List) - 1) + ');' + @CRLF
              END,
            @PLACEHOLDER,
            @CRLF
        )
    AS XML) as 'SQL_CREATE_TABLE'
FROM sysobjects so

CROSS APPLY (
    SELECT 
          '   '
          + '['+column_name+'] ' 
          +  data_type 
          + case data_type
                when 'sql_variant' then ''
                when 'text' then ''
                when 'ntext' then ''
                when 'decimal' then '(' + cast(numeric_precision as varchar) + ', ' + cast(numeric_scale as varchar) + ')'
              else 
              coalesce(
                '('+ case when character_maximum_length = -1 
                    then 'MAX' 
                    else cast(character_maximum_length as varchar) end 
                + ')','') 
            end 
        + ' ' 
        + case when exists ( 
            SELECT id 
            FROM syscolumns
            WHERE 
                object_name(id) = so.name
                and name = column_name
                and columnproperty(id,name,'IsIdentity') = 1 
          ) then
            'IDENTITY(' + 
            cast(ident_seed(so.name) as varchar) + ',' + 
            cast(ident_incr(so.name) as varchar) + ')'
          else ''
          end 
        + ' ' 
        + (case when IS_NULLABLE = 'No' then 'NOT ' else '' end) 
        + 'NULL ' 
        + case when information_schema.columns.COLUMN_DEFAULT IS NOT NULL THEN 'DEFAULT '+ information_schema.columns.COLUMN_DEFAULT 
          ELSE '' 
          END 
        + ', ' 
        + @PLACEHOLDER  -- note, can't have a field name or we'll end up with XML

    FROM information_schema.columns where table_name = so.name
    ORDER BY ordinal_position
    FOR XML PATH('')
) o (list)

LEFT JOIN information_schema.table_constraints tc on  
    tc.Table_name = so.Name
    AND tc.Constraint_Type  = 'PRIMARY KEY'

LEFT JOIN information_schema.tables t on  
    t.Table_name = so.Name

CROSS APPLY (
    SELECT QUOTENAME(Column_Name) + ', '
    FROM information_schema.key_column_usage kcu
    WHERE kcu.Constraint_Name = tc.Constraint_Name
    ORDER BY ORDINAL_POSITION
    FOR XML PATH('')
) j (list)

WHERE
    xtype = 'U'
    AND name NOT IN ('dtproperties')
    -- AND so.name = 'ASPStateTempSessions'
;

不要强调这一点,但这里是用于比较的功能相同的示例输出:

-- 1 (scripting version)
create table [dbo].[ASPStateTempApplications] (  [AppId] int  NOT NULL ,  [AppName] char(280)  NOT NULL );  ALTER TABLE [dbo].[ASPStateTempApplications] ADD CONSTRAINT PK__ASPState__8E2CF7F908EA5793 PRIMARY KEY  ([AppId]);  

-- 2 (SSMS version)
create table [dbo].[ASPStateTempSessions] (
   [SessionId] nvarchar(88)  NOT NULL , 
   [Created] datetime  NOT NULL DEFAULT (getutcdate()), 
   [Expires] datetime  NOT NULL , 
   [LockDate] datetime  NOT NULL , 
   [LockDateLocal] datetime  NOT NULL , 
   [LockCookie] int  NOT NULL , 
   [Timeout] int  NOT NULL , 
   [Locked] bit  NOT NULL , 
   [SessionItemShort] varbinary(7000)  NULL , 
   [SessionItemLong] image(2147483647)  NULL , 
   [Flags] int  NOT NULL DEFAULT ((0))
);
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[ASPStateTempSessions] ADD CONSTRAINT PK__ASPState__C9F4929003317E3D PRIMARY KEY ([SessionId]);

..

扣除因素:

应该指出的是,由于缺乏对主键之外的其他许可的支持,我对此仍然相对不满意.它仍然适合用作简单数据导出或复制的机制.

5> 小智..：

---

如果要生成脚本的应用程序是.NET应用程序,则可能需要查看使用SMO(Sql管理对象).引用此SQL Team链接,了解如何使用SMO编写脚本对象.

6> Hubbitus..：

---

另外一个带有外键支持的变体,在一个声明中:

 SELECT
        obj.name
        ,'CREATE TABLE [' + obj.name + '] (' + LEFT(cols.list, LEN(cols.list) - 1 ) + ')'
        + ISNULL(' ' + refs.list, '')
    FROM sysobjects obj
    CROSS APPLY (
        SELECT 
            CHAR(10)
            + ' [' + column_name + '] '
            + data_type
            + CASE data_type
                WHEN 'sql_variant' THEN ''
                WHEN 'text' THEN ''
                WHEN 'ntext' THEN ''
                WHEN 'xml' THEN ''
                WHEN 'decimal' THEN '(' + CAST(numeric_precision as VARCHAR) + ', ' + CAST(numeric_scale as VARCHAR) + ')'
                ELSE COALESCE('(' + CASE WHEN character_maximum_length = -1 THEN 'MAX' ELSE CAST(character_maximum_length as VARCHAR) END + ')', '')
            END
            + ' '
            + case when exists ( -- Identity skip
            select id from syscolumns
            where object_name(id) = obj.name
            and name = column_name
            and columnproperty(id,name,'IsIdentity') = 1 
            ) then
            'IDENTITY(' + 
            cast(ident_seed(obj.name) as varchar) + ',' + 
            cast(ident_incr(obj.name) as varchar) + ')'
            else ''
            end + ' '
            + CASE WHEN IS_NULLABLE = 'No' THEN 'NOT ' ELSE '' END
            + 'NULL'
            + CASE WHEN information_schema.columns.column_default IS NOT NULL THEN ' DEFAULT ' + information_schema.columns.column_default ELSE '' END
            + ','
        FROM
            INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
        WHERE table_name = obj.name
        ORDER BY ordinal_position
        FOR XML PATH('')
    ) cols (list)
    CROSS APPLY(
        SELECT
            CHAR(10) + 'ALTER TABLE ' + obj.name + '_noident_temp ADD ' + LEFT(alt, LEN(alt)-1)
        FROM(
            SELECT
                CHAR(10)
                + ' CONSTRAINT ' + tc.constraint_name
                + ' ' + tc.constraint_type + ' (' + LEFT(c.list, LEN(c.list)-1) + ')'
                + COALESCE(CHAR(10) + r.list, ', ')
            FROM
                information_schema.table_constraints tc
                CROSS APPLY(
                    SELECT
                        '[' + kcu.column_name + '], '
                    FROM
                        information_schema.key_column_usage kcu
                    WHERE
                        kcu.constraint_name = tc.constraint_name
                    ORDER BY
                        kcu.ordinal_position
                    FOR XML PATH('')
                ) c (list)
                OUTER APPLY(
                    -- // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3907879/sql-server-howto-get-foreign-key-reference-from-information-schema
                    SELECT
                        '  REFERENCES [' + kcu1.constraint_schema + '].' + '[' + kcu2.table_name + ']' + '(' + kcu2.column_name + '), '
                    FROM information_schema.referential_constraints as rc
                        JOIN information_schema.key_column_usage as kcu1 ON (kcu1.constraint_catalog = rc.constraint_catalog AND kcu1.constraint_schema = rc.constraint_schema AND kcu1.constraint_name = rc.constraint_name)
                        JOIN information_schema.key_column_usage as kcu2 ON (kcu2.constraint_catalog = rc.unique_constraint_catalog AND kcu2.constraint_schema = rc.unique_constraint_schema AND kcu2.constraint_name = rc.unique_constraint_name AND kcu2.ordinal_position = KCU1.ordinal_position)
                    WHERE
                        kcu1.constraint_catalog = tc.constraint_catalog AND kcu1.constraint_schema = tc.constraint_schema AND kcu1.constraint_name = tc.constraint_name
                ) r (list)
            WHERE tc.table_name = obj.name
            FOR XML PATH('')
        ) a (alt)
    ) refs (list)
    WHERE
        xtype = 'U'
    AND name NOT IN ('dtproperties')
    AND obj.name = 'your_table_name'

您可以尝试使用sqlfiddle:http://sqlfiddle.com/#!6/e3b66/3/0

---

我喜欢这个单声道解决方案,它支持外键.`@ tableName`的前2个实例可以替换为`so.name`,这样可以更容易地同时为多个表生成创建表脚本.

---

尝试使用小提琴中的表区.你会看到一个null.最后一列也有一个不应该存在的尾随逗号.仍然喜欢你的答案:)

---

啊,你说的表没有eny键!谢谢,它也固定了.最后一个逗号不是问题,因为它正确的SQL,但它(更可读的子查询名称)aste固定为estetic.

7> JasmineOT..：

---

我修改了接受的答案,现在它可以在某个模式中获得包括主键和外键的命令.

declare @table varchar(100)
declare @schema varchar(100)
set @table = 'Persons' -- set table name here
set @schema = 'OT' -- set SCHEMA name here
declare @sql table(s varchar(1000), id int identity)

-- create statement
insert into  @sql(s) values ('create table ' + @table + ' (')

-- column list
insert into @sql(s)
select 
    '  '+column_name+' ' + 
    data_type + coalesce('('+cast(character_maximum_length as varchar)+')','') + ' ' +
    case when exists ( 
        select id from syscolumns
        where object_name(id)=@table
        and name=column_name
        and columnproperty(id,name,'IsIdentity') = 1 
    ) then
        'IDENTITY(' + 
        cast(ident_seed(@table) as varchar) + ',' + 
        cast(ident_incr(@table) as varchar) + ')'
    else ''
    end + ' ' +
    ( case when IS_NULLABLE = 'No' then 'NOT ' else '' end ) + 'NULL ' + 
    coalesce('DEFAULT '+COLUMN_DEFAULT,'') + ','

 from information_schema.columns where table_name = @table and table_schema = @schema
 order by ordinal_position

-- primary key
declare @pkname varchar(100)
select @pkname = constraint_name from information_schema.table_constraints
where table_name = @table and constraint_type='PRIMARY KEY'

if ( @pkname is not null ) begin
    insert into @sql(s) values('  PRIMARY KEY (')
    insert into @sql(s)
        select '   '+COLUMN_NAME+',' from information_schema.key_column_usage
        where constraint_name = @pkname
        order by ordinal_position
    -- remove trailing comma
    update @sql set s=left(s,len(s)-1) where id=@@identity
    insert into @sql(s) values ('  )')
end
else begin
    -- remove trailing comma
    update @sql set s=left(s,len(s)-1) where id=@@identity
end


-- foreign key
declare @fkname varchar(100)
select @fkname = constraint_name from information_schema.table_constraints
where table_name = @table and constraint_type='FOREIGN KEY'

if ( @fkname is not null ) begin
    insert into @sql(s) values(',')
    insert into @sql(s) values('  FOREIGN KEY (')
    insert into @sql(s)
        select '   '+COLUMN_NAME+',' from information_schema.key_column_usage
        where constraint_name = @fkname
        order by ordinal_position
    -- remove trailing comma
    update @sql set s=left(s,len(s)-1) where id=@@identity
    insert into @sql(s) values ('  ) REFERENCES ')
    insert into @sql(s) 
        SELECT  
            OBJECT_NAME(fk.referenced_object_id)
        FROM 
            sys.foreign_keys fk
        INNER JOIN 
            sys.foreign_key_columns fkc ON fkc.constraint_object_id = fk.object_id
        INNER JOIN
            sys.columns c1 ON fkc.parent_column_id = c1.column_id AND fkc.parent_object_id = c1.object_id
        INNER JOIN
            sys.columns c2 ON fkc.referenced_column_id = c2.column_id AND fkc.referenced_object_id = c2.object_id
        where fk.name = @fkname
    insert into @sql(s) 
        SELECT  
            '('+c2.name+')'
        FROM 
            sys.foreign_keys fk
        INNER JOIN 
            sys.foreign_key_columns fkc ON fkc.constraint_object_id = fk.object_id
        INNER JOIN
            sys.columns c1 ON fkc.parent_column_id = c1.column_id AND fkc.parent_object_id = c1.object_id
        INNER JOIN
            sys.columns c2 ON fkc.referenced_column_id = c2.column_id AND fkc.referenced_object_id = c2.object_id
        where fk.name = @fkname
end

-- closing bracket
insert into @sql(s) values( ')' )

-- result!
select s from @sql order by id

8> FLICKER..：

---

我将通过支持分区表来改进答案:

使用下面的scritps查找分区方案和分区键:

declare @partition_scheme varchar(100) = (
select distinct ps.Name AS PartitionScheme
from sys.indexes i  
join sys.partitions p ON i.object_id=p.object_id AND i.index_id=p.index_id  
join sys.partition_schemes ps on ps.data_space_id = i.data_space_id  
where i.object_id = object_id('your table name')
)
print @partition_scheme

declare @partition_column varchar(100) = (
select c.name 
from  sys.tables          t
join  sys.indexes         i 
      on(i.object_id = t.object_id 
  and i.index_id < 2)
join  sys.index_columns  ic 
  on(ic.partition_ordinal > 0 
  and ic.index_id = i.index_id and ic.object_id = t.object_id)
join  sys.columns         c 
  on(c.object_id = ic.object_id 
  and c.column_id = ic.column_id)
where t.object_id  = object_id('your table name')
)
print @partition_column

然后通过在正确的位置添加以下行来更改生成查询:

+ IIF(@partition_scheme is null, '', 'ON [' + @partition_scheme + ']([' + @partition_column + '])')