如何将浮点数转换为人类可读的分数？

假设我们有0.33,我们需要输出"1/3".
如果我们有"0.4",我们需要输出"2/5".

我们的想法是让人们可读,让用户理解"y部分中的x部分",作为理解数据的更好方式.

我知道百分比是一个很好的替代品,但我想知道是否有一个简单的方法来做到这一点？

我发现David Eppstein 发现给定实数 C代码的理性近似正是你所要求的.它基于连续分数理论,非常快速且相当紧凑.

我已经为特定的分子和分母限制使用了这个版本.

/*
** find rational approximation to given real number
** David Eppstein / UC Irvine / 8 Aug 1993
**
** With corrections from Arno Formella, May 2008
**
** usage: a.out r d
**   r is real number to approx
**   d is the maximum denominator allowed
**
** based on the theory of continued fractions
** if x = a1 + 1/(a2 + 1/(a3 + 1/(a4 + ...)))
** then best approximation is found by truncating this series
** (with some adjustments in the last term).
**
** Note the fraction can be recovered as the first column of the matrix
**  ( a1 1 ) ( a2 1 ) ( a3 1 ) ...
**  ( 1  0 ) ( 1  0 ) ( 1  0 )
** Instead of keeping the sequence of continued fraction terms,
** we just keep the last partial product of these matrices.
*/

#include 

main(ac, av)
int ac;
char ** av;
{
    double atof();
    int atoi();
    void exit();

    long m[2][2];
    double x, startx;
    long maxden;
    long ai;

    /* read command line arguments */
    if (ac != 3) {
        fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s r d\n",av[0]);  // AF: argument missing
        exit(1);
    }
    startx = x = atof(av[1]);
    maxden = atoi(av[2]);

    /* initialize matrix */
    m[0][0] = m[1][1] = 1;
    m[0][1] = m[1][0] = 0;

    /* loop finding terms until denom gets too big */
    while (m[1][0] *  ( ai = (long)x ) + m[1][1] <= maxden) {
        long t;
        t = m[0][0] * ai + m[0][1];
        m[0][1] = m[0][0];
        m[0][0] = t;
        t = m[1][0] * ai + m[1][1];
        m[1][1] = m[1][0];
        m[1][0] = t;
        if(x==(double)ai) break;     // AF: division by zero
        x = 1/(x - (double) ai);
        if(x>(double)0x7FFFFFFF) break;  // AF: representation failure
    } 

    /* now remaining x is between 0 and 1/ai */
    /* approx as either 0 or 1/m where m is max that will fit in maxden */
    /* first try zero */
    printf("%ld/%ld, error = %e\n", m[0][0], m[1][0],
           startx - ((double) m[0][0] / (double) m[1][0]));

    /* now try other possibility */
    ai = (maxden - m[1][1]) / m[1][0];
    m[0][0] = m[0][0] * ai + m[0][1];
    m[1][0] = m[1][0] * ai + m[1][1];
    printf("%ld/%ld, error = %e\n", m[0][0], m[1][0],
           startx - ((double) m[0][0] / (double) m[1][0]));
}

从Python 2.6开始就有fractions模块.

(引用文档.)

>>> from fractions import Fraction
>>> Fraction('3.1415926535897932').limit_denominator(1000)
Fraction(355, 113)

>>> from math import pi, cos
>>> Fraction.from_float(cos(pi/3))
Fraction(4503599627370497, 9007199254740992)
>>> Fraction.from_float(cos(pi/3)).limit_denominator()
Fraction(1, 2)

如果输出是为了给人类读者一个结果顺序的快速印象,那么返回"113/211"之类的东西是没有意义的,所以输出应该限制为使用一位数字(也许是1/10和9/10).如果是这样,您可以观察到只有27 种不同的分数.

由于用于生成输出的基础数学将永远不会改变,因此解决方案可能是简单地对二进制搜索树进行硬编码,以便该函数最多执行log(27)〜= 4 3/4比较.这是经过测试的C版代码

char *userTextForDouble(double d, char *rval)
{
    if (d == 0.0)
        return "0";

    // TODO: negative numbers:if (d < 0.0)...
    if (d >= 1.0)
        sprintf(rval, "%.0f ", floor(d));
    d = d-floor(d); // now only the fractional part is left

    if (d == 0.0)
        return rval;

    if( d < 0.47 )
    {
        if( d < 0.25 )
        {
            if( d < 0.16 )
            {
                if( d < 0.12 ) // Note: fixed from .13
                {
                    if( d < 0.11 )
                        strcat(rval, "1/10"); // .1
                    else
                        strcat(rval, "1/9"); // .1111....
                }
                else // d >= .12
                {
                    if( d < 0.14 )
                        strcat(rval, "1/8"); // .125
                    else
                        strcat(rval, "1/7"); // .1428...
                }
            }
            else // d >= .16
            {
                if( d < 0.19 )
                {
                    strcat(rval, "1/6"); // .1666...
                }
                else // d > .19
                {
                    if( d < 0.22 )
                        strcat(rval, "1/5"); // .2
                    else
                        strcat(rval, "2/9"); // .2222...
                }
            }
        }
        else // d >= .25
        {
            if( d < 0.37 ) // Note: fixed from .38
            {
                if( d < 0.28 ) // Note: fixed from .29
                {
                    strcat(rval, "1/4"); // .25
                }
                else // d >=.28
                {
                    if( d < 0.31 )
                        strcat(rval, "2/7"); // .2857...
                    else
                        strcat(rval, "1/3"); // .3333...
                }
            }
            else // d >= .37
            {
                if( d < 0.42 ) // Note: fixed from .43
                {
                    if( d < 0.40 )
                        strcat(rval, "3/8"); // .375
                    else
                        strcat(rval, "2/5"); // .4
                }
                else // d >= .42
                {
                    if( d < 0.44 )
                        strcat(rval, "3/7"); // .4285...
                    else
                        strcat(rval, "4/9"); // .4444...
                }
            }
        }
    }
    else
    {
        if( d < 0.71 )
        {
            if( d < 0.60 )
            {
                if( d < 0.55 ) // Note: fixed from .56
                {
                    strcat(rval, "1/2"); // .5
                }
                else // d >= .55
                {
                    if( d < 0.57 )
                        strcat(rval, "5/9"); // .5555...
                    else
                        strcat(rval, "4/7"); // .5714
                }
            }
            else // d >= .6
            {
                if( d < 0.62 ) // Note: Fixed from .63
                {
                    strcat(rval, "3/5"); // .6
                }
                else // d >= .62
                {
                    if( d < 0.66 )
                        strcat(rval, "5/8"); // .625
                    else
                        strcat(rval, "2/3"); // .6666...
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( d < 0.80 )
            {
                if( d < 0.74 )
                {
                    strcat(rval, "5/7"); // .7142...
                }
                else // d >= .74
                {
                    if(d < 0.77 ) // Note: fixed from .78
                        strcat(rval, "3/4"); // .75
                    else
                        strcat(rval, "7/9"); // .7777...
                }
            }
            else // d >= .8
            {
                if( d < 0.85 ) // Note: fixed from .86
                {
                    if( d < 0.83 )
                        strcat(rval, "4/5"); // .8
                    else
                        strcat(rval, "5/6"); // .8333...
                }
                else // d >= .85
                {
                    if( d < 0.87 ) // Note: fixed from .88
                    {
                        strcat(rval, "6/7"); // .8571
                    }
                    else // d >= .87
                    {
                        if( d < 0.88 ) // Note: fixed from .89
                        {
                            strcat(rval, "7/8"); // .875
                        }
                        else // d >= .88
                        {
                            if( d < 0.90 )
                                strcat(rval, "8/9"); // .8888...
                            else
                                strcat(rval, "9/10"); // .9
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return rval;
}

这是一个解释将小数转换为分数的数学的链接:

http://www.webmath.com/dec2fract.html

这是一个如何使用VB实际执行此操作的示例函数(来自www.freevbcode.com/ShowCode.asp?ID=582):

Public Function Dec2Frac(ByVal f As Double) As String

   Dim df As Double
   Dim lUpperPart As Long
   Dim lLowerPart As Long

   lUpperPart = 1
   lLowerPart = 1

   df = lUpperPart / lLowerPart
   While (df <> f)
      If (df < f) Then
         lUpperPart = lUpperPart + 1
      Else
         lLowerPart = lLowerPart + 1
         lUpperPart = f * lLowerPart
      End If
      df = lUpperPart / lLowerPart
   Wend
Dec2Frac = CStr(lUpperPart) & "/" & CStr(lLowerPart)
End Function

(来自谷歌搜索:将小数转换为分数,将小数转换为分数代码)

您可能想要阅读每个计算机科学家应该知道的关于浮点运算的内容.

您必须通过乘以一个大数字来指定一些精度:

3.141592 * 1000000 = 3141592

然后你可以做一个分数:

3 + (141592 / 1000000)

并通过GCD减少......

3 + (17699 / 125000)

但没有办法得到预期的分数.您可能希望始终在整个代码中使用分数 - 只要记住在可以避免溢出时减少分数!

这是devinmoore建议的VB代码的Perl和Javascript版本:

Perl的:

sub dec2frac {
    my $d = shift;

    my $df  = 1;
    my $top = 1;
    my $bot = 1;

    while ($df != $d) {
      if ($df < $d) {
        $top += 1;
      }
      else {
         $bot += 1;
         $top = int($d * $bot);
      }
      $df = $top / $bot;
   }
   return "$top/$bot";
}

几乎相同的javascript:

function dec2frac(d) {

    var df = 1;
    var top = 1;
    var bot = 1;

    while (df != d) {
        if (df < d) {
            top += 1;
        }
        else {
            bot += 1;
            top = parseInt(d * bot);
        }
        df = top / bot;
    }
    return top + '/' + bot;
}

AC#实施

/// 

/// Represents a rational number
/// 
public struct Fraction
{
    public int Numerator;
    public int Denominator;

    /// 

    /// Constructor
    /// 
    public Fraction(int numerator, int denominator)
    {
        this.Numerator = numerator;
        this.Denominator = denominator;
    }

    /// 

    /// Approximates a fraction from the provided double
    /// 
    public static Fraction Parse(double d)
    {
        return ApproximateFraction(d);
    }

    /// 

    /// Returns this fraction expressed as a double, rounded to the specified number of decimal places.
    /// Returns double.NaN if denominator is zero
    /// 
    public double ToDouble(int decimalPlaces)
    {
        if (this.Denominator == 0)
            return double.NaN;

        return System.Math.Round(
            Numerator / (double)Denominator,
            decimalPlaces
        );
    }


    /// 

    /// Approximates the provided value to a fraction.
    /// http://stackoverflow.com/questions/95727/how-to-convert-floats-to-human-readable-fractions
    /// 
    private static Fraction ApproximateFraction(double value)
    {
        const double EPSILON = .000001d;

        int n = 1;  // numerator
        int d = 1;  // denominator
        double fraction = n / d;

        while (System.Math.Abs(fraction - value) > EPSILON)
        {
            if (fraction < value)
            {
                n++;
            }
            else
            {
                d++;
                n = (int)System.Math.Round(value * d);
            }

            fraction = n / (double)d;
        }

        return new Fraction(n, d);
    }
}

floor(5/2) = 2
5/2 = 2.5

>>> from fractions import Fraction
>>> Fraction('3.1415926535897932').limit_denominator(1000)
Fraction(355, 113)