如何控制Emacs如何制作备份文件？

考虑到这一点让我感到恶心.

Emacs备份/自动保存文件非常有用.但这些功能令人困惑.

备份文件

备份文件在末尾有波浪号(~或~9~),应写入用户主目录.何时make-backup-files是非零Emacs在第一次从缓冲区保存文件时自动创建原始文件的备份.如果您正在编辑新文件,Emacs将在您第二次保存文件时创建备份.

无论您保存文件多少次,备份都保持不变.如果您终止缓冲区然后再次访问该文件,或者下次启动新的Emacs会话时,将创建一个新的备份文件.新备份在重新打开后或编辑会话开始时反映文件的内容.但永远不会再触及现有的备份.因此,我发现创建编号备份很有用(请参阅下面的配置).

要显式创建备份,请使用带前缀参数的save-buffer(C-x C-s).

diff-backup并dired-diff-backup比较了其备份或反之亦然文件.但是没有恢复备份文件的功能.例如,在Windows下,还原备份文件

C:\Users\USERNAME\.emacs.d\backups\!drive_c!Users!USERNAME!.emacs.el.~7~

它必须手动复制为

C:\Users\USERNAME\.emacs.el

自动保存文件

自动保存文件使用hashmarks(#),并且应在项目目录中本地写入(以及实际文件).原因是自动保存文件只是Emacs创建的临时文件,直到再次保存文件(就像匆匆服从).

在用户按下C-x C-s(save-buffer)保存文件之前,Emacs会自动保存文件 - 基于计数击键(auto-save-interval)或停止输入(auto-save-timeout).

Emacs还会在崩溃时自动保存,包括使用shell命令终止Emacs作业.

当用户保存文件时,将删除自动保存的版本.但是当用户退出文件而不保存文件时,Emacs或X会话崩溃,自动保存的文件仍然存在.

使用revert-buffer或recover-file恢复自动保存文件.请注意,Emacs会在名为〜/ .emacs.d/auto-save-list的文件中记录中断的会话,以便以后恢复.该recover-session功能将使用此信息.

从自动保存的字段中恢复的首选方法是M-x revert-buffer RET.Emacs会询问"最近是否已自动保存缓冲区.还原自动保存文件？" 或"从文件FILENAME恢复缓冲区？".如果是后者,则没有自动保存文件.例如,因为您在键入其他auto-save-intervall键击之前已保存,在这种情况下,Emacs已删除自动保存文件.

现在,默认情况下禁用自动保存,因为它可能会在连接到慢速计算机时减慢编辑速度,并且因为许多文件包含敏感数据.

组态

这是恕我直言最佳的配置:

(defvar --backup-directory (concat user-emacs-directory "backups"))
(if (not (file-exists-p --backup-directory))
        (make-directory --backup-directory t))
(setq backup-directory-alist `(("." . ,--backup-directory)))
(setq make-backup-files t               ; backup of a file the first time it is saved.
      backup-by-copying t               ; don't clobber symlinks
      version-control t                 ; version numbers for backup files
      delete-old-versions t             ; delete excess backup files silently
      delete-by-moving-to-trash t
      kept-old-versions 6               ; oldest versions to keep when a new numbered backup is made (default: 2)
      kept-new-versions 9               ; newest versions to keep when a new numbered backup is made (default: 2)
      auto-save-default t               ; auto-save every buffer that visits a file
      auto-save-timeout 20              ; number of seconds idle time before auto-save (default: 30)
      auto-save-interval 200            ; number of keystrokes between auto-saves (default: 300)
      )

(setq auto-mode-alist
      (append
       (list
        '("\\.\\(vcf\\|gpg\\)$" . sensitive-minor-mode)
        )
       auto-mode-alist))

// -*-mode:asciidoc; mode:sensitive-minor; fill-column:132-*-

(setq version-control t     ;; Use version numbers for backups.
      kept-new-versions 10  ;; Number of newest versions to keep.
      kept-old-versions 0   ;; Number of oldest versions to keep.
      delete-old-versions t ;; Don't ask to delete excess backup versions.
      backup-by-copying t)  ;; Copy all files, don't rename them.

(setq vc-make-backup-files t)

;; Default and per-save backups go here:
(setq backup-directory-alist '(("" . "~/.emacs.d/backup/per-save")))

(defun force-backup-of-buffer ()
  ;; Make a special "per session" backup at the first save of each
  ;; emacs session.
  (when (not buffer-backed-up)
    ;; Override the default parameters for per-session backups.
    (let ((backup-directory-alist '(("" . "~/.emacs.d/backup/per-session")))
          (kept-new-versions 3))
      (backup-buffer)))
  ;; Make a "per save" backup on each save.  The first save results in
  ;; both a per-session and a per-save backup, to keep the numbering
  ;; of per-save backups consistent.
  (let ((buffer-backed-up nil))
    (backup-buffer)))

(add-hook 'before-save-hook  'force-backup-of-buffer)

M-x customize-group

Regexp matching filename: .*
Backup directory name: /path/to/your/backup/dir

(setq make-backup-files nil)