假设我有两个类:
public class Student
{
public int Id {get; set;}
public string Name {get; set;}
public IList Courses{ get; set;}
}
public class StudentDTO
{
public int Id {get; set;}
public string Name {get; set;}
public IList Courses{ get; set;}
}
我想将Student类中的值复制到StudentDTO类:
var student = new Student(); StudentDTO studentDTO = student;
我怎么能通过反思或其他解决方案来做到这一点？
列表使它变得棘手...我之前的回复(下面)仅适用于类似的属性(不是列表).我怀疑你可能只需要编写和维护代码:
Student foo = new Student {
Id = 1,
Name = "a",
Courses = {
new Course { Key = 2},
new Course { Key = 3},
}
};
StudentDTO dto = new StudentDTO {
Id = foo.Id,
Name = foo.Name,
};
foreach (var course in foo.Courses) {
dto.Courses.Add(new CourseDTO {
Key = course.Key
});
}
编辑; 仅适用于浅拷贝 - 不是列表
反思是一种选择,但速度很慢.在3.5中,您可以将其构建为编译的代码Expression.Jon Skeet在MiscUtil中有一个预先推出的样本- 只需用作:
Student source = ... StudentDTO item = PropertyCopy.CopyFrom(student);
因为这使用了编译Expression它会大大超出反射.
如果您没有3.5,则使用反射或ComponentModel.如果你使用ComponentModel,你至少可以用HyperDescriptor得到它几乎一样快Expression
Student source = ...
StudentDTO item = new StudentDTO();
PropertyDescriptorCollection
sourceProps = TypeDescriptor.GetProperties(student),
destProps = TypeDescriptor.GetProperties(item),
foreach(PropertyDescriptor prop in sourceProps) {
PropertyDescriptor destProp = destProps[prop.Name];
if(destProp != null) destProp.SetValue(item, prop.GetValue(student));
}
好的,我只是查看了Marc发布的MiscUtil,它非常棒.我希望马克不介意我在这里添加代码.
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Reflection;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Linq.Expressions;
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
class Program
{
public class Student
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public IList Courses { get; set; }
public static implicit operator Student(StudentDTO studentDTO)
{
return PropertyCopy.CopyFrom(studentDTO);
}
}
public class StudentDTO
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public IList Courses { get; set; }
public static implicit operator StudentDTO(Student student)
{
return PropertyCopy.CopyFrom(student);
}
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Student _student = new Student();
_student.Id = 1;
_student.Name = "Timmmmmmmmaaaahhhh";
_student.Courses = new List();
_student.Courses.Add(101);
_student.Courses.Add(121);
StudentDTO itemT = _student;
Console.WriteLine(itemT.Id);
Console.WriteLine(itemT.Name);
Console.WriteLine(itemT.Courses.Count);
}
}
// COOLEST PIECE OF CODE FROM - http://www.yoda.arachsys.com/csharp/miscutil/
///
/// Generic class which copies to its target type from a source
/// type specified in the Copy method. The types are specified
/// separately to take advantage of type inference on generic
/// method arguments.
///
public class PropertyCopy where TTarget : class, new()
{
///
/// Copies all readable properties from the source to a new instance
/// of TTarget.
///
public static TTarget CopyFrom(TSource source) where TSource : class
{
return PropertyCopier.Copy(source);
}
///
/// Static class to efficiently store the compiled delegate which can
/// do the copying. We need a bit of work to ensure that exceptions are
/// appropriately propagated, as the exception is generated at type initialization
/// time, but we wish it to be thrown as an ArgumentException.
///
private static class PropertyCopier where TSource : class
{
private static readonly Func copier;
private static readonly Exception initializationException;
internal static TTarget Copy(TSource source)
{
if (initializationException != null)
{
throw initializationException;
}
if (source == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("source");
}
return copier(source);
}
static PropertyCopier()
{
try
{
copier = BuildCopier();
initializationException = null;
}
catch (Exception e)
{
copier = null;
initializationException = e;
}
}
private static Func BuildCopier()
{
ParameterExpression sourceParameter = Expression.Parameter(typeof(TSource), "source");
var bindings = new List();
foreach (PropertyInfo sourceProperty in typeof(TSource).GetProperties())
{
if (!sourceProperty.CanRead)
{
continue;
}
PropertyInfo targetProperty = typeof(TTarget).GetProperty(sourceProperty.Name);
if (targetProperty == null)
{
throw new ArgumentException("Property " + sourceProperty.Name + " is not present and accessible in " + typeof(TTarget).FullName);
}
if (!targetProperty.CanWrite)
{
throw new ArgumentException("Property " + sourceProperty.Name + " is not writable in " + typeof(TTarget).FullName);
}
if (!targetProperty.PropertyType.IsAssignableFrom(sourceProperty.PropertyType))
{
throw new ArgumentException("Property " + sourceProperty.Name + " has an incompatible type in " + typeof(TTarget).FullName);
}
bindings.Add(Expression.Bind(targetProperty, Expression.Property(sourceParameter, sourceProperty)));
}
Expression initializer = Expression.MemberInit(Expression.New(typeof(TTarget)), bindings);
return Expression.Lambda>(initializer, sourceParameter).Compile();
}
}
}
}
FYI
当我遇到同样的问题时,我发现了AutoMapper(http://automapper.codeplex.com/)然后在阅读了AboutDev的答案后,我做了一些简单的测试,结果令人印象深刻
这里的测试结果如下:
测试自动映射器:22322毫秒
测试隐式算子:310毫秒
测试属性副本:250毫秒
测试发射映射器:281毫秒
我想强调它只是样本(StudentDTO,Student),它只有几个属性,但如果类有50-100个属性会发生什么,我猜它会显着影响性能.
此处有更多测试详细信息: .net中的对象复制方法:自动映射器,发射映射器,隐式操作,属性复制
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