我想做base64
编码和解码,但我找不到iPhone的任何支持SDK
.如何在base64
有或没有库的情况下进行编码和解码?
这是Objective C 类别的一个很好的用例.
对于Base64编码:
#import@interface NSString (NSStringAdditions) + (NSString *) base64StringFromData:(NSData *)data length:(int)length; @end ------------------------------------------- #import "NSStringAdditions.h" static char base64EncodingTable[64] = { 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '+', '/' }; @implementation NSString (NSStringAdditions) + (NSString *) base64StringFromData: (NSData *)data length: (int)length { unsigned long ixtext, lentext; long ctremaining; unsigned char input[3], output[4]; short i, charsonline = 0, ctcopy; const unsigned char *raw; NSMutableString *result; lentext = [data length]; if (lentext < 1) return @""; result = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity: lentext]; raw = [data bytes]; ixtext = 0; while (true) { ctremaining = lentext - ixtext; if (ctremaining <= 0) break; for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) { unsigned long ix = ixtext + i; if (ix < lentext) input[i] = raw[ix]; else input[i] = 0; } output[0] = (input[0] & 0xFC) >> 2; output[1] = ((input[0] & 0x03) << 4) | ((input[1] & 0xF0) >> 4); output[2] = ((input[1] & 0x0F) << 2) | ((input[2] & 0xC0) >> 6); output[3] = input[2] & 0x3F; ctcopy = 4; switch (ctremaining) { case 1: ctcopy = 2; break; case 2: ctcopy = 3; break; } for (i = 0; i < ctcopy; i++) [result appendString: [NSString stringWithFormat: @"%c", base64EncodingTable[output[i]]]]; for (i = ctcopy; i < 4; i++) [result appendString: @"="]; ixtext += 3; charsonline += 4; if ((length > 0) && (charsonline >= length)) charsonline = 0; } return result; } @end
对于Base64解码:
#import@class NSString; @interface NSData (NSDataAdditions) + (NSData *) base64DataFromString:(NSString *)string; @end ------------------------------------------- #import "NSDataAdditions.h" @implementation NSData (NSDataAdditions) + (NSData *)base64DataFromString: (NSString *)string { unsigned long ixtext, lentext; unsigned char ch, inbuf[4], outbuf[3]; short i, ixinbuf; Boolean flignore, flendtext = false; const unsigned char *tempcstring; NSMutableData *theData; if (string == nil) { return [NSData data]; } ixtext = 0; tempcstring = (const unsigned char *)[string UTF8String]; lentext = [string length]; theData = [NSMutableData dataWithCapacity: lentext]; ixinbuf = 0; while (true) { if (ixtext >= lentext) { break; } ch = tempcstring [ixtext++]; flignore = false; if ((ch >= 'A') && (ch <= 'Z')) { ch = ch - 'A'; } else if ((ch >= 'a') && (ch <= 'z')) { ch = ch - 'a' + 26; } else if ((ch >= '0') && (ch <= '9')) { ch = ch - '0' + 52; } else if (ch == '+') { ch = 62; } else if (ch == '=') { flendtext = true; } else if (ch == '/') { ch = 63; } else { flignore = true; } if (!flignore) { short ctcharsinbuf = 3; Boolean flbreak = false; if (flendtext) { if (ixinbuf == 0) { break; } if ((ixinbuf == 1) || (ixinbuf == 2)) { ctcharsinbuf = 1; } else { ctcharsinbuf = 2; } ixinbuf = 3; flbreak = true; } inbuf [ixinbuf++] = ch; if (ixinbuf == 4) { ixinbuf = 0; outbuf[0] = (inbuf[0] << 2) | ((inbuf[1] & 0x30) >> 4); outbuf[1] = ((inbuf[1] & 0x0F) << 4) | ((inbuf[2] & 0x3C) >> 2); outbuf[2] = ((inbuf[2] & 0x03) << 6) | (inbuf[3] & 0x3F); for (i = 0; i < ctcharsinbuf; i++) { [theData appendBytes: &outbuf[i] length: 1]; } } if (flbreak) { break; } } } return theData; } @end
从QSUtilities库的QSStrings类中可以获得从PHP核心库移植(并修改/改进)到本机Objective-C代码的真正非常快速的实现.我做了一个快速的基准测试:5.3MB图像(JPEG)文件需要<50ms进行编码,大约需要140ms进行解码.
GitHub上提供了整个库的代码(包括Base64方法).
或者,如果您希望代码本身只是 Base64方法,我在这里发布:
首先,您需要映射表:
static const char _base64EncodingTable[64] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"; static const short _base64DecodingTable[256] = { -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -1, -1, -2, -1, -1, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -1, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, 62, -2, -2, -2, 63, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2 };
要编码:
+ (NSString *)encodeBase64WithString:(NSString *)strData { return [QSStrings encodeBase64WithData:[strData dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]]; } + (NSString *)encodeBase64WithData:(NSData *)objData { const unsigned char * objRawData = [objData bytes]; char * objPointer; char * strResult; // Get the Raw Data length and ensure we actually have data int intLength = [objData length]; if (intLength == 0) return nil; // Setup the String-based Result placeholder and pointer within that placeholder strResult = (char *)calloc((((intLength + 2) / 3) * 4) + 1, sizeof(char)); objPointer = strResult; // Iterate through everything while (intLength > 2) { // keep going until we have less than 24 bits *objPointer++ = _base64EncodingTable[objRawData[0] >> 2]; *objPointer++ = _base64EncodingTable[((objRawData[0] & 0x03) << 4) + (objRawData[1] >> 4)]; *objPointer++ = _base64EncodingTable[((objRawData[1] & 0x0f) << 2) + (objRawData[2] >> 6)]; *objPointer++ = _base64EncodingTable[objRawData[2] & 0x3f]; // we just handled 3 octets (24 bits) of data objRawData += 3; intLength -= 3; } // now deal with the tail end of things if (intLength != 0) { *objPointer++ = _base64EncodingTable[objRawData[0] >> 2]; if (intLength > 1) { *objPointer++ = _base64EncodingTable[((objRawData[0] & 0x03) << 4) + (objRawData[1] >> 4)]; *objPointer++ = _base64EncodingTable[(objRawData[1] & 0x0f) << 2]; *objPointer++ = '='; } else { *objPointer++ = _base64EncodingTable[(objRawData[0] & 0x03) << 4]; *objPointer++ = '='; *objPointer++ = '='; } } // Terminate the string-based result *objPointer = '\0'; // Create result NSString object NSString *base64String = [NSString stringWithCString:strResult encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding]; // Free memory free(strResult); return base64String; }
要解码:
+ (NSData *)decodeBase64WithString:(NSString *)strBase64 { const char *objPointer = [strBase64 cStringUsingEncoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding]; size_t intLength = strlen(objPointer); int intCurrent; int i = 0, j = 0, k; unsigned char *objResult = calloc(intLength, sizeof(unsigned char)); // Run through the whole string, converting as we go while ( ((intCurrent = *objPointer++) != '\0') && (intLength-- > 0) ) { if (intCurrent == '=') { if (*objPointer != '=' && ((i % 4) == 1)) {// || (intLength > 0)) { // the padding character is invalid at this point -- so this entire string is invalid free(objResult); return nil; } continue; } intCurrent = _base64DecodingTable[intCurrent]; if (intCurrent == -1) { // we're at a whitespace -- simply skip over continue; } else if (intCurrent == -2) { // we're at an invalid character free(objResult); return nil; } switch (i % 4) { case 0: objResult[j] = intCurrent << 2; break; case 1: objResult[j++] |= intCurrent >> 4; objResult[j] = (intCurrent & 0x0f) << 4; break; case 2: objResult[j++] |= intCurrent >>2; objResult[j] = (intCurrent & 0x03) << 6; break; case 3: objResult[j++] |= intCurrent; break; } i++; } // mop things up if we ended on a boundary k = j; if (intCurrent == '=') { switch (i % 4) { case 1: // Invalid state free(objResult); return nil; case 2: k++; // flow through case 3: objResult[k] = 0; } } // Cleanup and setup the return NSData NSData * objData = [[[NSData alloc] initWithBytes:objResult length:j] autorelease]; free(objResult); return objData; }
从历史上看,我们会将您引导到许多第三方base 64库之一(如其他答案中所讨论的),用于从二进制数据转换为base 64字符串(和返回),但iOS 7现在具有本机base 64编码(和暴露以前私有的iOS 4方法,以防您需要支持早期版本的iOS).
因此,要转换NSData
为NSString
base 64表示,您可以使用base64EncodedStringWithOptions
.如果您还必须支持7.0之前的iOS版本,您可以执行以下操作:
NSString *string; if ([data respondsToSelector:@selector(base64EncodedStringWithOptions:)]) { string = [data base64EncodedStringWithOptions:kNilOptions]; // iOS 7+ } else { string = [data base64Encoding]; // pre iOS7 }
并将base 64转换NSString
回NSData
你可以使用initWithBase64EncodedString
.同样,如果您需要支持7.0之前的iOS版本,您可以:
NSData *data; if ([NSData instancesRespondToSelector:@selector(initWithBase64EncodedString:options:)]) { data = [[NSData alloc] initWithBase64EncodedString:string options:kNilOptions]; // iOS 7+ } else { data = [[NSData alloc] initWithBase64Encoding:string]; // pre iOS7 }
显然,如果您不需要向后兼容7.0之前的iOS版本,那么它就更容易了,只需使用base64EncodedStringWithOptions
或initWithBase64EncodedString
分别使用早期iOS版本的运行时检查.实际上,如果您在最小目标是iOS 7或更高版本时使用上面的代码,那么您实际上会收到有关已弃用方法的编译器警告.因此,在iOS 7及更高版本中,您只需转换为base 64字符串:
NSString *string = [data base64EncodedStringWithOptions:kNilOptions];
再回来:
NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] initWithBase64EncodedString:string options:kNilOptions];
iOS包含对base64编码和解码的内置支持.如果你看一下resolv.h
你应该看到两个功能b64_ntop
和b64_pton
.Square SocketRocket库提供了如何从objective-c使用这些函数的合理示例.
这些功能经过了充分的测试和可靠 - 与您在随机网络帖子中找到的许多实现不同.别忘了链接libresolv.dylib
.
由于这似乎是谷歌在base64编码和iphone上的第一名,我觉得我喜欢用上面的代码片段分享我的经验.
它有效,但速度极慢.随机图像(0.4 mb)的基准测试在原生iphone上花了37秒.主要原因可能是所有OOP魔术 - 单个字符NSStrings等,它们仅在编码完成后自动释放.
这里发布的另一个建议(ab)使用openssl库,感觉就像是矫枉过正.
下面的代码需要70毫秒 - 这是500倍的加速.这只做base64编码(我会在遇到它时立即解码)
+ (NSString *) base64StringFromData: (NSData *)data length: (int)length { int lentext = [data length]; if (lentext < 1) return @""; char *outbuf = malloc(lentext*4/3+4); // add 4 to be sure if ( !outbuf ) return nil; const unsigned char *raw = [data bytes]; int inp = 0; int outp = 0; int do_now = lentext - (lentext%3); for ( outp = 0, inp = 0; inp < do_now; inp += 3 ) { outbuf[outp++] = base64EncodingTable[(raw[inp] & 0xFC) >> 2]; outbuf[outp++] = base64EncodingTable[((raw[inp] & 0x03) << 4) | ((raw[inp+1] & 0xF0) >> 4)]; outbuf[outp++] = base64EncodingTable[((raw[inp+1] & 0x0F) << 2) | ((raw[inp+2] & 0xC0) >> 6)]; outbuf[outp++] = base64EncodingTable[raw[inp+2] & 0x3F]; } if ( do_now < lentext ) { char tmpbuf[2] = {0,0}; int left = lentext%3; for ( int i=0; i < left; i++ ) { tmpbuf[i] = raw[do_now+i]; } raw = tmpbuf; outbuf[outp++] = base64EncodingTable[(raw[inp] & 0xFC) >> 2]; outbuf[outp++] = base64EncodingTable[((raw[inp] & 0x03) << 4) | ((raw[inp+1] & 0xF0) >> 4)]; if ( left == 2 ) outbuf[outp++] = base64EncodingTable[((raw[inp+1] & 0x0F) << 2) | ((raw[inp+2] & 0xC0) >> 6)]; } NSString *ret = [[[NSString alloc] initWithBytes:outbuf length:outp encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding] autorelease]; free(outbuf); return ret; }
因为我不需要它,所以我省略了线路切割,但添加它是微不足道的.
对于那些对优化感兴趣的人:目标是最小化主循环中发生的事情.因此,处理最后3个字节的所有逻辑都在循环外处理.
此外,尝试就地处理数据,而无需对缓冲区进行额外的复制.并将任何算术减少到最低限度.
观察到放在一起查找表中条目的位,当它们在没有移位的情况下被组合在一起时不会重叠.因此,一项重大改进可能是使用4个单独的256字节查找表并消除移位,如下所示:
outbuf[outp++] = base64EncodingTable1[(raw[inp] & 0xFC)]; outbuf[outp++] = base64EncodingTable2[(raw[inp] & 0x03) | (raw[inp+1] & 0xF0)]; outbuf[outp++] = base64EncodingTable3[(raw[inp+1] & 0x0F) | (raw[inp+2] & 0xC0)]; outbuf[outp++] = base64EncodingTable4[raw[inp+2] & 0x3F];
当然你可以更进一步,但这超出了这里的范围.
在mvds的出色改进中,存在两个问题.将代码更改为:
raw = tmpbuf; inp = 0; outbuf[outp++] = base64EncodingTable[(raw[inp] & 0xFC) >> 2]; outbuf[outp++] = base64EncodingTable[((raw[inp] & 0x03) << 4) | ((raw[inp+1] & 0xF0) >> 4)]; if ( left == 2 ) outbuf[outp++] = base64EncodingTable[((raw[inp+1] & 0x0F) << 2) | ((raw[inp+2] & 0xC0) >> 6)]; else outbuf[outp++] = '='; outbuf[outp++] = '=';
更好的方案:
NSData中有一个内置函数
[data base64Encoding]; //iOS < 7.0 [data base64EncodedStringWithOptions:NSDataBase64Encoding76CharacterLineLength]; //iOS >= 7.0
很高兴的人喜欢它.我必须承认,最终的比赛有点瑕疵.除了正确设置inp = 0之外,你还应该将tmpbuf的大小增加到3,就像
unsigned char tmpbuf[3] = {0,0,0};
或遗漏原始[inp + 2]; 如果我们有一个原始[inp + 2]!= 0这个块我们仍然会在循环中...
无论哪种方式都有效,您可以考虑保持最终表查找块与循环中的相同,以便清楚.在我使用的最终版本中
while ( outp%4 ) outbuf[outp++] = '=';
要添加==
对不起,我没有检查RFC和东西,应该做得更好!
在iOS8及以后使用- (NSString *)base64EncodedStringWithOptions:(NSDataBase64EncodingOptions)options
NSData